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Dental Histology Exam 1
Nervous System
47
Medical
Professional
09/18/2008

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Term
Ganglia contain Schwann cells. True or False?
Definition
False. Ganglia contain satellite (glial) cells and they do not produce myelin.
Term
Efferent signals in the somatic division are relayed by how many neurons?
Definition
1
Term
Efferent signals in the ANS are relayed by haw many neurons?
Definition
2
Term
Afferent neurons relay what type on information?
Definition
Sensory
Term
Non-special sensory neurons are what kind?
Definition
psudounipolar
Term
Special senses neurons (smell, visions) are what kind?
Definition
Bipolar
Term
What are the 3 types of non-special sensory neurons?
Definition
1. Exteroreceptors (info from external environment)
2. Interoreceptors (info from viscera)
3. Proprioreceptors (info from ligaments, tendons, joints and muscles)
Term
What type of neuron makes up 99% of all neurons?
Definition
Interneurons (coordination of action, modification of response and thought)
Term
Secretory neurons are of what kind?
Definition
Multipolar
Term
What are the 2 size types of neurons?
Definition
Golgi Type I - long axons and/or dendrites (mostly in CNS)

Golgi Type II - short axons and/or dendrites (act locally like interneurons)
Term
The nerve body or soma of a neuron is known as what?
Definition
perikaryon
Term
All of a neuron contains Nissl except what part?
Definition
The axon
Term
What is the triangular organelle-free area originating from the perikaryon?
Definition
The axon hillock
Term
What is the initial segment of a neuron?
Definition
The portion proximal to myelin where incoming signals are summated
Term
What composes the peripheral NS?
Definition
nerves, ganglia and nerve endings
Term
What are the 3 layers that surround peripheral nerves?
Definition
Epineruium (surround all the bundles)
Perineurium (surround facicles of nerve bundles)
Endoneurium (surrounds individual nerve fibers and their Schwann cells)
Term
What is the function of a Schwann cell?
Definition
Found in PNS. Produces myelin, secretes basal lamina surround the S cell, and produces intercellular matrix)
Term
Where are nerves unmyelinated?
Definition
Small sensory neurons and post ganglionic axons of ANS
Term
What is the term for where the extensions of an encircling Schwann cell meet?
Definition
Mesaxon
Term
Autonomic ganglia contain what kind of neuron?
Definition
multipolar
Term
Cranial and spinal ganglia contain what type of neuron?
Definition
psudounipolar
Term
Preganglionic cells in the SNS are long or short?
Definition
Short
Term
Preganglionic cells in the Para NS are long or short?
Definition
Long
Term
What is the purpose of satellite cells?
Definition
Located in ganglia, protect, insulate. Look sorta cuboidal
Term
What are the 2 types of NON-encapsulated afferent endings?
Definition
Free nerve endings and Merkel's corpuscle
Term
What are the 4 types of encapsulated afferent endings?
Definition
1. End bulbs of Krause
2. Meissner's Corpuscle
3. Pacinian Corpuscle
4. Ruffini Corpuscle
Term
What if the function of Meissner's Corpuscle?
Definition
Detect light pressure in hairless skin
Term
What is the function of Ruffini Corpuscle?
Definition
Detection of position, movement and touch. Found in deeper layers of dermis, viscera and joints
Term
A stretch receptor is what kind of sensory receptor?
Definition
Propriorecepto
Term
What are the 2 types of stretch receptors in the muscle?
Definition
Muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ
Term
Traumatic Neuroma is caused when?
Definition
Injured nerve cells try to regenerate via schwann cells but don't find the other half. Very painful
Term
What is the composition of white matter?
Definition
myelinated axons and oligodendrocytes. No nerve cell bodies.
Term
What is the composition of gray matter?
Definition
Glial cells, dendrites, nerve cell bodies, and unmyelinated regions of axons. Synapses occur here.
Term
What is the look of white matter?
Definition
Think and regular
Term
What is the look of gray matter?
Definition
All over the freakin' place
Term
What are the connective tissue components (neuroglia) of the CNS?
Definition
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependyma
Term
What is the function of astrocytes?
Definition
Main connective tissue element of CNS. Form scar tissue. Large and lightly stained.
Term
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
Definition
Myelin producing cells of CNS. Look small and dark.
Term
What are the function of Microglia?
Definition
Phagocytic in CNS
Term
What is the function of Ependyma?
Definition
Line cavities in CNS. Absorb cerebrospinal fluid and produce CSF from material in the choroid plexus
Term
What are the 7 layers of the cerebral cortex in descending order?
Definition
1. Plexiform
2. Outer granular
3. Pyramidal Cell
4. Inner granular
5. Ganglionic
6. Polymorphic
7. White matter
Term
What are the 4 layers of the Cerebellar cortex?
Definition
1. Molecular
2. Perkinje cell
3. Granular
4. White matter
Term
What are the 5 layers of the meninges?
Definition
1. Dura mater
2. Sub-dural Space
3. Arachnoid layer
4. Sub-arachnoid space
5. Pia mater
Term
Which spaces are fluid filled spaces of the meninges?
Definition
Sub-dural and sub-arachnoid space
Term
The dura mater is composed of what CT?
Definition
Dense CT
Term
The pia mater is composed of what CT?
Definition
Areolar
Term
What is responsible for the blood-brain barrier?
Definition
Tight junctions in endothelial cells and close association of Astrocyte foot processes with endothelial basal laminas
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