Term
| Circulatory System Composed of... |
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Definition
Blood Vascular System and Lymphatic Vascular System |
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Term
| Lymphatic Vascular System composed of... |
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Definition
| lymphatic capillaries that eventually anastomose and empty near the heart |
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Term
| Blood Vascular System Composed of... |
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Definition
1. heart - pumps the blood 2. arteries - transmots blood to the tissues through a network of tubules of decreasing calibre 3. capillaries - a series of interconnected tubules that arobize among the tissues and allow for gas exchange, connect small arteries and veins 4. veins - a series of anastomosing tubules of increasing calibre that transmit blood and metabolic products back tot he heart |
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Term
High pressure blood vessels |
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Definition
thick walled ex. systemic arteries |
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Term
| Low pressure blood vessels |
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Definition
thin walled ex. pulmonary arteries |
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Term
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Definition
represent the layers of the blood vessels 1. tunica intima 2. tunica media 3. tunica adventitia |
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Term
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Definition
-inner most -simple squamous epithileum (on basal lamina) -subendothelial layer (thin layer of loose connective tissue; may have smooth muscle running longitudenally) -in arteries elastin (internal elastic lamina) is the inner border of this layer |
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Term
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Definition
-middle layer -smooth muscle running in tight concentric layers -elastic & reticular fibers and proteoglycans interspersed in smooth muscle -type III collegen -in arteries, outer border is external elastic lamina (thinner than internal elastic lamina) |
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Term
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Definition
-type I collegen -elastic fibers -longitudinal arrangment -continuous with connective tissue surrounding the organ that the vessel serves |
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Term
Vasa Vasorum "vessels of the vessels" |
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Definition
-within adventitia and outer media -provides nourishment to outer part of thick vessels (O2 diffusion is primary nourishment still) -arises either from artery it is supplying or nearby arteries -more common in veins since that blood is deoxygenated (less O2 nuorishment) |
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Term
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Definition
mural smooth muscle innervated by branches of unmylenated sympatentic neurons (vasomotor nerves) located in tunica adventitia in arteries located in tunica adventitia and media in veins releases norepinephrine in smooth muscle (causes smooth muscle to contract --> decreases size of vessel lumen) releases acetylcholine and norepinephrine in skeletal muscel (causes smooth muscle to relax)
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Term
| Structure of Blood Vessels |
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Definition
1. Capillaries 2. Arteries 3. Veins |
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Term
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Definition
-conduits for gas and metabolite exchange b/w tissue and blood -single layer of endothelial cells -->flattened, elongated and slightly tappered -->nuclei slightly protruding into capillary lumen -->contain zonula occludens and gap junctions -pericytes -->pluripotential cells with elongated processes
-->surround endothelial cells and small venules -->work in wound repair -->may have a contractile function |
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Term
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Definition
1. continuous (somatic) 2. fenestrated (visceral) 3. discontinuous |
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Term
Continuous (somatic) Capillaries |
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Definition
-no fenestrations in wall -continuous basal lamina -transport in both directions via pinocytic vesicles exception: majority of nervous systemm helpin establish blood-brain barrier -found in tissues require rapid gas exchange --> muscle, connective tissue, exocrine glands, nervous tissue, bone, lung |
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Term
| Fenestrated (visceral) Capillaries |
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Definition
-fenestrations sometimes covered by thin diaphragm -continuous basal lamina -found in tissues requiring substantial fluid exchange -->kidney, intestine, endcrine glands -->in glomerulus of kidney; no diaphrams |
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Term
| Discontinuous Capillaries |
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Definition
-serpentigenous and wide -->result in slowing of blood flow -large fenestrations (no diaphragms) -discontinuous basal lamina -->allows for movement of large substanses and/or cells -found in liver and hematopoietic organs (spleen, bone marrow) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Selective Permeability Barrier (varies) 2. Metabolism (can synthesize and break down stuff) -->activation - conversion on inactive to active -->inactivation - conversion of active to inert -->lipoysis - breaks down lipoproteins to make triglycerides and cholesterol -->synthesis of vasoactive factors - vascular tone 3. Antithrombogenesis (prevents contact b/w platelets and thrombogenic subendothelial connective tissure |
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Term
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Definition
-transport blood to body tissues -different function according to location Proximal - resist changes in blood pressure Distal - regulate blood flow to terminal segments |
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Term
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Definition
-large -transport blood away form heart -dampen pressure changes resluting from a beating heart |
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Term
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Definition
-medium size -supply blood to organs, muscle, etc. -regulate amount of blood by contraction of their smooth muscle coat |
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Term
| Arterioles (less then 0.5 mm in diameter) |
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Definition
-narrow lumina -lined by endothelium -thin subendothelial layer -internal elastic lamina in large arteriols only -thin media (one or two smooth muscle layers) -NO external elastic lamina -thin adventitia |
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Term
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Definition
-link arterioles with capillaries -surrounded by discontinuous smooth muscle coat -helps regulate blood flow into capillary -maintains pressure gradient b/w arterial and venous system -sphincter (ring of smooth muscle) can stop flow into capillary at the junction |
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Term
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Definition
-majority of arteries in body -subendothelial layer thicker than in arteriols -prominent internal elastic lamina -thickness of media increased -in larger arteries, there is an external elastic lamina |
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Term
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Definition
-large arteries 0aorta and its largest branched -conducting arteries (convey blood to distributing) -thick intima -internal elastic lamina (normal thickness) -media composed of concentric elastic laminae -->has smooth muscle and reticular fibers -->increases with age -thin adventitia -NO external elastic lamina |
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Term
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Definition
-thin walled vessels -return blood to the heart -assisted by smooth muscle and valves -more than 70% of blood volume is in the venous system at a given moment |
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Term
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Definition
-very thin -endothelium surrounded by rare smooth muscle, pericytes, outer adventitia -smaller ones resembe capillaries in strucute and processes but have greater diameter |
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Term
| Small and Medium Sized Veins |
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Definition
-endothelium (may be surrounded by thin intima) -thin media containing smooth muscle, elastc, and reticular fibers, and thick adventitia -internal valves (extensions of intima) most commonly found in limbs -valves function with contraction of adjacent skeletal muscle -->ensures one-way flow of blood
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Term
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Definition
-well developed intima -thick media and adventitia -in large abdominal veins and large veins inferior to heart: -->longitudinal smooth muscle within adventitia -reinforces vein -help propel blood back to the heart
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Term
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Definition
-drives blood throughout the body -composed of cardiac muscle and fiberous skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
1. Endocardium 2. Myocardium 3. Epicardium |
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Term
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Definition
-like tunica intima -contains: endothelial cells on bed of collegen elastic fibers smooth muscle fibers -subjacent to subendocardial layer which contains: -veins -nerves -Purkenje cell branches |
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Term
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Definition
-thickes tunic -contains: cardiac muscle fibers (spiral arrangement around heart chambera)
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Term
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Definition
-layer of esothelial cells (simple squamous epithelium) -subepicardial loose connective tissue contains: -veins -nerves -nerve ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
-core = dense fiberous connective tissue -linning = endothilium -attached to the fiberous skeleton at annuli fibrosi |
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Term
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Definition
SAN (pacemaker) - modified cardiac muscle cells - right atrium near opening of superior vena cave -most rapid activity AVN - attached to SAN by branches of conducting cells -cardiac muscle cells lie beneath endocardium in right atrium near septum leads to... AV Bundle of His - comprised of Purkinje cells - enter fiberous skeleton and branch, descend to heart apex and turn back -contact cardiac muscle via gap junctions -contraction begins at the apex |
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Term
| Lymphatic Vascular System |
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Definition
-thin walled endothelium lined vessels (Lymphatic Capillaries) -no fenestratio -no zonula occldens -incomplete basal lamina -contain valves -larger ones resembe veins -collect lymph and transmit it back to blood -FLOW IS ALWAYS TOWARDS THE HEART
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Term
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Definition
-near bifurcation of common carotid arteries -chemoreceptor -sensitive to: low O2 tension high bicarbonat concentration low arterial blood pH |
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Term
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Definition
-dilation of internal carotid artery -senses changes in blood pressure |
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