Shared Flashcard Set

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Dental Gross Anatomy - Head
face, neuro
124
Medical
Professional
01/19/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

The parotid duct extends across the ____ muscle just inferior to the ____ before turning medially to pierce the ____.

 

Definition

 

masseter

zygomatic arch

buccinator

Term

 

The muscles of facial expression are all supplied by what cranial nerve?

Definition

 

CN VII - the facial nerve

Term

 

Where does the facial nerve exit the cranium?

Definition

 

Through the stylomastoid foramen (just under ear)

Term

 

What is the origin and insertion,respectively, of the

frontal belly of the occipital frontalis?

Definition

 

origin: epicranial aponeurosis

insertion: skin of forehead

 

-functions in elevating the eyebrows and forehead

Term

 

The facial vein passes ____ to the submandibular gland, while the facial artery passes ____ to it.

Definition

 

The facial vein passes superficial to the SM gland

the facial artery passes deep to the SM gland

Term

 

What innervates the Temporalis?

 

The Masseter?

Definition

 

Both are innervated by the mandibular nerve

(CN V3)

Term

 

What muscles are used to depress the mandible (open the mouth)?

Definition

 

Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid

Term

 

What muscles are used to elevate the mandible (close the mouth)?

Definition

 

Temporal

Masseter

Medial Pterygoid

Term

 

What muscles are used in protrusion of chin?

Definition

 

Lateral pterygoid (primary)

Masseter and Medial Pterygoid (secondary)

 

Term

 

What muscles are used to retrude the chin?

 

Definition

 

 

Temporal and Masseter

Term

 

What muscles are used in lateral movements of the mandible?

Definition

 

Temporal of same side

Pterygoids of opposite side

masseter

Term

True or False: 

 

the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles mainly function in raising and depressing the hyoid and larynx during swallowing.

Definition

 

True

Term

 

From what pharyngeal arch do all facial muscles develop?

Definition

 

From the 2nd pharyngeal arch.

 

...and all are innervated by its nerve, CN VII

Term

 

The Orbicularis Oculi is supplied by the ____ branch of the facial nerve.

 

Definition

 

 

zygomatic

Term

 

The platysma is supplied by the ____ branch of the facial nerve.

Definition

 

 

Cervical

Term

 

 Where does the maxillary nerve/CN V2 exit the skull?

Definition

 

through the foramen rotundum

Term

 

Where does the mandibular nerve (CN V3) exit the skull?

Definition

 

through the foramen ovale

Term

 

What division of the Trigeminal nerve carries motor fibers?

Definition

 

CN V3

-the mandibular, supplies muscles of mastication

Term

 

True or False:

 

The facial nerve supplies both motor and sensory function to the face.

Definition

 

False.

 

It supplies only motor function to the face, and sensory function to the anterior taste buds.

Term

 

The ____ marks the boundary between the spinal cord and the medulla.

Definition

 

pyramidal decussation

Term

 

The brainstem is made up of what 3 parts?

Definition

 

medulla, pons, midbrain

Term

 

Arrange the following structures anterior to posterior:

optic chiasm

mammillary bodies

interpeduncular fossa

infundibulum

Definition

 

optic chiasm

infundibulum

mammillary bodies

interpeduncular fossa

Term

 

 

The ___ is the place of attachment of the pituitary gland. 

Definition

 

 

infundibulum 

Term

 

 

The ____ marks the anterior border of the hypothalamus, while the ____ marks the posterior border. 

Definition

 

optic chiasm - anterior border

 

mammillary bodies - posterior border 

Term

 

The ______ functions as the somatosensory cortex of the brain. 

Definition

 

the post central gyrus 

Term

 

The ______ functions as the motor cortex of the brain. 

Definition

 

 

the pre central gyrus 

Term

 

What sulcus lies inferior to the parahippocampal gyrus? 

Definition

 

 

the collateral sulcus 

Term

 

The ____ lobe of the brain lies inferior to the lateral fissure. 

Definition

 

 

the temporal lobe

 

 

 

(lateral fissure aka fissure of Sylvius or lateral sulcus) 

Term

 

The central sulcus divides what 2 lobes of the brain? 

Definition

 

Frontal and Parietal 

Term

 

The ____ represent the auditory cortex of the brain. 

Definition

 

gyri of Heschl

 

 

- located on the superior temporal gyrus, running transversely into the lateral fissure 

Term

 

The _____ is the area of the brain responsible for visual perception 

Definition

 

 

occipital lobe 

Term

 

The medial protrusion of the parahippocampal gyrus, overlying (when viewed ventrally) the amygdala nucleus.

 

Definition

 

 

uncus 

Term

 

The _____ is the part of the brain that relates to taste perception and other visceral functions. 

Definition

 

 

Insular lobe

 

 

- the portion of the frontal lobe covered by the temporal lobe 

- aka insula or Island of Reil

Term

 

CN III attaches to this part of the ventral brain 

Definition

 

 

interpeduncular fossa 

Term

 

Describe decussation

Definition

 

In general, each cerebral hemisphere perceives sensations from, and controls the movements of, the contralateral side of the body.

Term

 

What type of cells form myelin in the the CNS?

Definition

 

Oligodendrocytes

 

 

(Schwann cells form myelin in the PNS)

Term

 

What type of glial cells are thought to form the blood-brain barrier?

Definition

 

Astrocytes

 

-particularly their foot processes

Term

 

When a nerve in the PNS is transected or seriously damaged, the nerve distal to the injury deteriorates. This is known as _____.

Definition

 

Wallerian degeneration

Term

 

What number cranial nerve is the olfactory nerve?

Where does it exit the cranium?

Definition

 

- CN I

- exits through the foramina in the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Term

 

What number nerve is the optic nerve?

Where does it exit the cranium?

Definition

 

CN II

 

exits through the optic canal

Term

 

What number cranial nerve is the oculomotor nerve?

Where does it exit the cranium?

Definition

 

CN III

 

exits through the superior orbital fissure

Term

 

What number nerve is the Trochlear nerve?

Where does it exit the cranium?

Definition

 

CN IV

 

exits through the superior orbital fissure

Term

 

What are the divisions of the Trigeminal nerve and where do they exit the cranium?

Definition

 

CN V1 - ophthalmic - superior orbital fissure

 

 CN V2 - maxillary division - foramina rotundum

 

CN V3 - mandibular division - foramen ovale

Term

 

What number is the Abducent cranial nerve?

 

Where does it exit the cranium?

Definition

 

CN VI
exits through the superior orbital fissure

Term

 

What number is the facial cranial nerve?

Where does it exit the cranium?

Definition

 

CN VII

exits through the internal acoustic meatus,

facial canal,

and stylomastoid foramen

Term

 

 What number cranial nerve is the vestibulocochlear nerve?

Where does it exit the cranium?

Definition

 

CN VIII

exits through the internal acoustic meatus

Term

 

What number cranial nerve is the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Where does it exit the cranium?

Definition

 

CN IX

 

exits through the jugular foramen

Term

 

What number cranial nerve is the vagus nerve?

 

Where does it exit the cranium?

Definition

 

 

CN X

 

exits through the jugular foramen

Term

 

What number cranial nerve is the Accessory nerve?

 

Where does it exit the cranium?

Definition

 

CN XI

 

exits through the jugular foramen

Term

 

What number cranial nerve is the Hypoglossal nerve?

 

Where does it exit the cranium?

Definition

 

CN XII

exits through the hypoglossal canal

Term

 

What cranial nerves exit through the jugular foramen?

Definition

 

CN IX, X, XI

 

(glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory)

Term

 

What cranial nerves exit through the superior orbital fissure?

Definition

 

CN III, IV, V1, VI

 

(oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic, abducent)

Term

 

What foramena does the sphenoid bone contain?

Definition

 

optic canal

superior orbital fissure

foramen rotundum

foramen ovale

foramen spinosum

foramen lacerum (on border with temporal)

Term

 

What foramena are contained by the occibital bone?

Definition

 

jugular foramen (at border with temporal)

hypglossal canal

foramen magnum

condylar canal

Term

 

What are the contents of the foramen cecum?

Definition

 

nasal emissary vein in 1%  of population

Term

 

What are the contents of the foramina in cribriform plate?

Definition

 

olfactory axons

Term

 

What are the contents of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina?

Definition

 

vessels and nerves with same name

Term

 

what are the contents of the optic canals?

Definition

 

optic nerves (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries

Term

 

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissures?

Definition

 

Ophthalmic veins, ophthalmic nerve (CN V1), CN III, IV, VI, and sympathetic fibers

Term

 

What are the contents of the foramen rotundum?

Definition

 

Maxillary nerve (CN V2)

Term

 

What are the contents of the foramen ovale?

Definition

 

Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

accessory meningeal artery

Term

 

Contents of foramen spinosum?

Definition

 

middle meningeal artery and vein

meningeal branch of CN V3

Term

 

Contents of Foramen Lacerum?

Definition

 

artifact of dried skull - closed by cartilage in life

Term

 

Contents of Foramen Magnum?

Definition

 

medulla and meninges

vertebral arteries

spinal roots of CN XI

dural veins

anterior and posterior spinal arteries

Term

 

What are the contents of the Jugular Foramen?

Definition

 

CN IX, X, XI

superior bulb of internal jugular vein

inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses

meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries

Term

 

What are the contents of the hypoglossal canal?

Definition

 

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Term

 

What are the contents of the condylar canal?

Definition

 

Emissary vein that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in neck

Term

 

What are the contents of the Mastoid Foramen?

Definition

 

Mastoid emissary vein from sigmoid sinus

Meningeal branch of occipital artery

Term

 

What is contained by the internal acoustic meatus?

Definition

 

Facial nerve

Vestibulocochlear nerve

labyrinthine artery

Term

 

The position of this Cranial Nerve is taken to be the boundary marker between the basis pontis and the middle cerebellar peduncle.

Definition

 

CN V - Trigeminal

Term

 

This Cranial Nerve originates from the dorsal surface of the brain stem.

Definition

 

CN IV - Trochlear

Term

 

This Cranial Nerve supplies motor innervation to most of the extraocular muscles, as well as to intrinsic eye muscles such as the pupillary constrictor.

Definition

 

CN III - Oculomotor

Term

 

True or False:

Neural crest cells are enclosed in the folds of the neural tube.

Definition

 

False

 

NC cells are left out of the closure of the neural tube

Term

 

During histodifferentiation of the neural tube where does the majority of mitosis take place?

Definition

 

in the ependymal layer

Term

 

What marks the boundary between the Alar Plate and the Basal Plate during histodifferentiatioin of the neural tube?

Definition

 

sulcus limitans

 

- a longitudinal groove on the inner surface of the lateral walls of the embryonic spinal cord and caudal part of the brain

Term

 

What neural tube layer gives rise to neurons and macroglia?

Definition

 

Ependyma

Term

 

What neural tube layer gives rise to the Alar Plate and the Basal plate?

Definition

 

Mantle layer

Term

 

Which neural tube layer becomes white matter? Grey Matter?

Definition

 

white matter - Marginal layer

 

grey matter - Mantle layer

Term

 

What does the Prosencephalon give rise to?

Definition

 

The telencephalon and diencephalon

Term

 

What is the diencephalon comprised of?

Definition

 

Thalamus and Hypothalamus

Term

 

What is the Telencephalon comprised of?

Definition

 

cerebral hemispheres and basal ganglia

Term

 

What does the Metencephalon give rise to?

Definition

 

pons and cerebellum

Term

 

What does the Myelencephalon give rise to?

Definition

 

medulla oblongata

Term

 

What does the Mesencephalon give rise to?

Definition

 

midbrain

Term

 

Nerve cells that develop within the alar plate have predominantly _____ functions, while those in the basal plate are predominantly ______.

Definition

 

 

sensory - alar - dorsal

 

motor - basal - ventral

Term

 

What are the origin and insertion of the Orbicularis oris?

Definition

 

Origin: Median plane of Maxilla (superiorly)

Mandible (inferiorly)

deep surface of skin

 

Insertion: Mucous membrane of lips

Term

 

What is the origin and insertion of the Buccinator?

Definition

 

   Origin:               Mandible

Pterygomandibular raphe

Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible

 

  Insertion:        Angle of mouth

 

Term

 

What muscle elevates and protrudes the lower lip?

Definition

 

Mentalis

Term

 

What are the orgins and insertions of the Orbicularis oculi?

Definition

 

  Origins:       Medial orbital margin

medial palpebral ligament

lacrimal bone

 

Insertion: skin around margin of orbit; tarsal plate

Term

 

What are the origins and insertions of the platysma?

Definition

 

Origin: Superficial fascia of deltoid and pectoral regions

 

   Insertions:           Mandible

skin of cheek

angle of mouth

orbicularis oris

Term

 

What are the origin and insertion of the mentalis?

Definition

 

Origin: Incisive fossa of mandible

 

Insertion: Skin of chin

Term

 

What muscles presses the cheeks against the molars?

Definition

 

Buccinator

Term

 

What property of the face allows fluid and blood to accumulate in the face after bruising?

Definition

 

The looseness of the subcutaneous tissue

 

Term

 

This tendinous thickening of the buccopharyngeal fascia forms part of the buccinator origin.

Definition

 

pterygomandibular raphe

Term

 

The muscles around the nose (nasalis, procerus, depressor septi) are supplied by what branch of the facial nerve?

Definition

 

 buccal branch

Term

 

The most common nontraumatic cause of facial paralysis

Definition

 

inflammation of the facial nerve near the stylomastoid foramen

Term

 

The sensory nerve for the face

Definition

 

CN V - Trigeminal

 

V1 & V2 are wholly sensory

V3 has both motor and sensory

Term

 

Upon entering the orbit the Opthalmic nerve (CN V1) divides into three branches - what are they?

Definition

 

Nasociliary nerve

Frontal nerve

Lacrimal nerve

Term

 

What are the 3 major divisions of CN V1?

Definition

 

Lacrimal, Nasociliary, Frontal

Term

 

What nerves does the Frontal division of CN V1 give rise to?

Definition

 

Supraorbital and Supratrochlear

Term

 

What are the divisions of the Nasociliary branch of CN V1?

Definition

 

Posterior Ethmoidal, Anterior Ethmoidal, Infratrochlear

Term

 

What nerve does the Anterior Ethmoidal nerve give rise to?

Definition

 

External nasal

Term

 

What are the 2 major divisions of CN V2?

Definition

 

Infraorbital and Zygomatic

Term

 

What nerves does the Zygomatic branch of CN V2 give rise to?

Definition

 

Zygomaticotemporal and Zygomaticofacial

Term

 

What are the 3 major divisions of CN V3?

Definition

 

Auriculotemporal, Buccal, and Mental

Term

 

What are the divisions of the Facial Nerve (CN VII)?

Definition

 

Temporal

Zygomatic

Buccal

Mandibular

Cervical

Term

 

A lesion of what nerve would produce sagging in the inferior Orbicular oculi, leading to a dry cornea?

Definition

 

a lesion in the zygomatic branch of CN VII

 

(the Temporal branch supplies the superior orbicularis oculi)

Term

 

Where is the parotid plexus located?

What does it give rise to?

Definition

 

Located in the parotid gland (though not supplying it with innervation)

 

Gives rise to 5 branches of facial nerve

Term

 

The facial artery sends out what two arteries as it passes laterally to the angle of the mouth?

Definition

 

The inferior and superior labial arteries to lower and upper lips, respectively.

Term

 

The Superficial Temporal artery ends by dividing into what 2 branches?

Definition

 

Parietal and Frontal branches

Term

 

From what artery and where does the Transverse Facial artery branch off?

Definition

 

from the Superficial Temporal artery in the parotid gland

  

- it then runs superficially over the masseter

- supplies parotid and duct, skin of face, and masseter

Term

 

The supraorbital vein and the supratrochlear vein join to form the ____ vein, which becomes the _____ vein near the medial angle of the eye.

Definition

 

Angular vein

becomes the  Facial vein

Term

 

The facial vein drains into the ____ after meeting up with the anterior branch of the _____ .

Definition

 

(drains into the)  IJV

(after meeting up with the) retromandibular vein

Term

 

Do the Supraorbital and Supratrochlear arteries arise from the Internal or External Carotid?

Definition

 

Internal Carotid

 

(unlike most of the arteries of the face & scalp)

Term

 

True or False:

 

The facial nerve, external carotid artery, and retromandibular vein are all located within the parotid gland.

Definition

 

True

Term

 

The facial vein drains into the cavernous sinus by way of the ______.

Definition

 

Superior ophthalmic vein

Term

 

The superficial temporal vein joins the maxillary vein posterior to the neck of the mandible to form the _____.

Definition

 

Retromandibular vein

Term

 

Which vein drains the parotid gland and masseter?

Definition

 

Retromandibular vein

Term

 

The facial vein connects with the pterygoid venous plexus through the ____ and _____.

Definition

 

inferior ophthalmic veins and deep facial veins

Term

 

What nerve innervates the parotid sheath?

 

What nerve supplies secretory fibers to the gland?

 

What nerve is closely associated with the parotid, passing superior to it along with the superficial temporal vessels?

Definition

Innervates sheath - Great Auricular nerve (C2 and C3)

 Secretory - parasympathetic part of Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), conveyed by Auriculotemporal

 

Closely associated - Auriculotemporal

Term

 

Mumps is a viral infection involving what gland?

Definition

 

the parotid

 

- swelling of gland is limited by parotid sheath, especially painful during chewing b/c of compressing against mastoid process

Term

 

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

Definition

 

Skin

Connective tissue

Aponeurosis

Loose connective tissue

Pericranium

(first 3 layers constitute scalp proper)

Term

 

The first part of the maxillary artery passes

A. Deep to neck of mandible

B. Superficial to neck of mandible

C. Superficial or deep to lateral pterygoid

D. Through the pterygomaxillary fissure

Definition

 

A. Deep to neck of mandible

 

- 2nd part of artery is C

- 3rd part of artery is D, to enter infratemporal fossa

Term

 

What are the branches of CN V3?

Definition

 

Auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal

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