Term
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Definition
major energy input of all ecosystems
<1% of suns energy used for photosynthesis |
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Term
| 2nd law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
when energy is transferred or transformed, part of the energy is lost as heat
-says that everything moves towards entropy |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of energy/heat to raise 1g of water 1degree |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of energy/heat to raise 1000g of water |
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Term
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Definition
-first step of energy usage in ecosystem
-Autotrophs store energy in the form of starch
-GPP
-NPP
-limits to productivity
- |
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Term
| Gross primary productivity |
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Definition
| The entire energy that is derived in photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
How much energy is left over for growth, maintenance, and reproduction
NPP=GPP-R |
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Term
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Definition
accumulated living organic matter in a given area at a given time (above ground)
-weight/unit area
-NPP=weight/unit area/time |
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Term
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Definition
-metabolism chamber (animal)
-IR (CO2) analyzer (plant) |
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Term
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Definition
-can never be greater than 1
-range from ecosystems 0.3-0.8
-tells us how efficient the system is
-if r value small then 0.8
-if big then 0.3 |
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Term
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Definition
1. Terrestrial systems-moisture and temperature
2. Aquatic systems- light and nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
-Heterotrophs
-Assimilation |
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Term
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Definition
part of the food that can be incorporated for energy
C(consumed)=P(productivity)+R(respiration)+U(urin)+(feces) |
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Term
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Definition
series of steps of eating and being eaten
herbivores
carnivores
omnivores
decomposers
1. graving food webs
2. detrital food webs |
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Term
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Definition
primary--> heterotroph
-little decomposition
- |
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Term
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Definition
| decomposers are the most important part |
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Term
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Definition
primary consumers (autotorophs)
primary consumers (herbivores)
secondary consumers (1st order carnivores)
tertiary consumers (2nd order carnivores)
quatennary consumers(3rd order carnivores)
decomposers |
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Term
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Definition
-release nutrients back to mineral cycle
1. macrodecomposers (worms, slugs)
2. microdecomposers (fungi and bacteria) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
slow-lakes and ponds
lake-hole of depression filled with water
pond-small lake with light penetrating to the bottom |
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Term
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Definition
| running waters-lake/streams |
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Term
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Definition
epilimnion
metalimnion
hypolimnion |
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Term
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Definition
| sunlight penetrates and warms the water |
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Term
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Definition
| temp and other physical and chemical factors change rapidly with depth. |
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Term
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Definition
| thermocline = rapid change in temp |
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Term
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Definition
water is cold and dark and may lack dissolved oxygen
lowest level of water
4degrees is most dense |
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Term
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Definition
-movement of water in a lake
-helps with replenishing |
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Term
| zone of light penetration |
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Definition
| littoral and limnetic zone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| open water zone, contain plankton and nekton |
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Term
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Definition
-bottom
-benthos=organisms you find there
-does not have to be below light penetration |
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Term
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Definition
water at or near level of ground
-marsh
-swamp |
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Term
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Definition
dominated by grasses
tree-less |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Mire accumulation of peat |
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Definition
1. fen-mineral soils and sedges
2. bogs- sphagnum moss- precipitation for moisture |
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Term
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Definition
salinity
waves
tides
vastness |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| warm, plankton and nekton |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| abyssal zone, hadal zone and benthic zone on bottom |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
where fresh and salt water mix
-very in salinity
-tide brings in nutrients and carry waste out |
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Term
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Definition
shallow water habits
1.sandy shore
2.mud |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms under the sand/mud |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
rich with species
huge temp flucations
salinity
DO flucuates
epifauna |
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Term
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Definition
lots of species/biodiversity
high NPP
located around aquator
symbiotic organisms= coral polyps and zooxanthellae |
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