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| Definition of Psychology; modern and historic definitions |
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Study of Behaviour and mental processes (modern) A study of the mind (historic) It's a social science, like sociology and anthropology but with ties to biology and chemistry and a big influence from philosophy. Between philosophy and biology. |
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| What you do; the things done outside. |
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| Definition of Mental Processes |
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| Analyze, observing, judging, emotional reactions that take place in your head. |
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| The soul; what makes you original; unobservable. |
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inborn knowledge - some ideas that are native to the human mind There are some things that don't need to be learned through experiences. ie: you're born knowing of a higher power that put you on the planet and an inborn knowledge of infinity. Born with fundamentals but you learn through experience everything else.
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we learn by experience; we're born with a clean slate Tabula Rasa Everything we know and think about at some point come through the senses. |
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Rene Descartes (pronounced: de-cart) |
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Believed in Nativism Believed the soul resided in ones brain between the hemispheres Believed that thinking was a function of the soul and that it gave us the capacity to think. Soul exists at birth. Compared human body to a machine There are certain things our bodies can do without a soul, ie: breathing and beating hearts. |
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Suggested that there were 2 basic, seperate systems (the body and soul). Body is being and working Soul is thinking |
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Empiricist Argued that all human behaviour could be understoon in terms of physical ie function of body and mind. Soul a meaningless concept b/c it cannot be seen etc. Nothing physical about soul b/c it's immaterial. Nothing exists except for material and energy. |
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| everything can be understood by physical process of body, and especially the mind. |
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A really important philosopher In the tradition of Hobbes Empiricist Humans are born "tabula rasa" - blank slate. All of a persons experiences get put onto this blank slate. What I am is the total of my experiences. Your differences from others are determined by your experiences. All born equal
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Nature = nativism Nurture = empiricism |
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Brought in the Biology factor into Psychology. Introduced idea of natural selection Refers to the idea that behaviour (psychology) helps an organism survive and reproduce. Started expanding ideas to humans Emphasized that humans are a part of natura and therefore they could be understood scientifically. Opened the door to psychology. Changed the way people thought about science and how people can be understood by science.
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A popular movement and psuedo science that came before psychology. Study of the bumps on skulls. Claimed that human personality can be drawn from examining the bumps on ones skull. Pre-psychology, but not, because they're not doing it in a scientific enough way.
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Lived around the time of darwin. Made first psychological lab in Germany Focused on studying the senses and the speed of thinking.
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| Edward Bradford Titchener |
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| Edward Bradford Titchener |
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Atreed with Wundt and brough it to americas. Made up structuralism Used technique of introspection (early psychologists refered to as introspectionists)
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Looking inward and examining ones own concience experience. Wating to understand basic elements of thought. Trying to figure out if we're all experiencing the same thing. |
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| The four (4) basic dimensions of sensation |
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Example situation: looking at a blinking turn light on a car. Quality: orange (describing basic characteristics) Intensity: bright Duration: slow change Clarity: clear, easy to see Trying to keep it away from values as much as possible, for now.
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Functionalism; functional psychology.
Criticized structuralists.
Said it's like trying to understand a house by studying each of its bricks. Focus on purpose and function of psychology. Look at what the mind does for us.
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Gestalt Psychologist studied the Phi Phenomenon - perceptual illusion that you can create ie: illusion of movement as in lights.
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Cant adapt atomistic perspective of structuralists. Can't understand the way the brain works by studying individual pieces, but have to look at it as a whole. The mind must be understood as an organized whole. (Gestalt way of learning) The mind isn't just every sensory experience that you've encountered, but you're much greater than that. "you" transcend every singular experience The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Started in Germany and moved to the US Got absorbed into American psychology and taken for granted.
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