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Cytology
Biology Chapter 3
65
Biology
9th Grade
10/21/2008

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Term
Janssen
Definition
Dutchman who made the first microscope
Term
Leeuwenhoek
Definition
Dutchman who saw animacules with his 200x single lens microscope
Term
Animalcules
Definition
"Mini-animals"
Term
Hooke
Definition
Came up with the word cell when he looked at cork
Term
Cell
Definition
The basic functioning unit of life
Term
Schwann
Definition
He and Schleiden came up with the idea that all living things are made of cells
Term
Schleiden
Definition
He said that cells are the basic functioning unit of life
Term
Purkinje
Definition
Named the protoplasm
Term
Virchow
Definition
Said all cells come from pre-existing cells
Term
Ruska
Definition
Made the first electron microscope
Term
Cell
Definition
The __?__ Theory has tree parts and describes the basic understandings of the cell
Term
Absorption
Definition
To soak-up
Term
Digestion
Definition
To break down molecules for use
Term
Synthesis
Definition
To make large molecules from smaller parts
Term
Respiration
Definition
Using oxygen to burn off food; occurs in the mitochondria to make ATP
Term
Movement
Definition
Getting stuff from one place to another; usually by passive or active means
Term
Irritability
Definition
Respond to stimuli
Term
Excretion
Definition
Get rid of liquid wastes
Term
Egestion
Definition
Get rid of solid wastes
Term
Secretion
Definition
This term means to release substances from the cell for use outside of the cell
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
This term means to maintain the cell at a constant level; keeps the cell in balance with its environment
Term
Reproduction
Definition
To replicate a cell
Term
Surface
Definition
When the __?__ area to volume ration gets too low, the cell must divide
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
True cell; this cell has a nucleus, membrane -bound organelles and is usually big
Term
Prokaryote
Definition
All examples of this type of cell are bacteria; this type of cell is very small, has no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles
Term
Membrane
Definition
__?__-bound organelles have a membrane surrounding them
Term
Cell
Definition
The __?__ wall is a cellulose frame that surrounds plant cells
Term
Central
Definition
The __?__ Vacuole is found in plant cells and is often filled with water
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Control center
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
The liquid of the cell; can be called cytosol
Term
Plasma
Definition
The __?__ membrane covers the outside of a cell
Term
Organelle
Definition
This structure is like a mini-organ; each has a unique function in the cell
Term
Ribosome
Definition
Protein factory
Term
Rough
Definition
__?__ endoplasmic reticulum transports proteins made by the ribosomes
Term
Smooth
Definition
__?__ endoplasmic reticulum makes and transports lipids
Term
Golgi
Definition
__?__ bodies package materials made in the cell
Term
Vacuole
Definition
Storage "bag" for food, water or wastes
Term
Vesicle
Definition
Storage "bag" for secretions for release from the cell
Term
Lysosome
Definition
Membrane sac filled with digestive enzymes
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Powerhouse of the cell; converts sugar into ATP
Term
ATP
Definition
The energy molecule used in the cell for all cellular activities
Term
Plastid
Definition
This type of organelle is found only in plant cells and can contain pigment or be used to store materials
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
Photosynthesis organelle that is green
Term
Chromoplast
Definition
Pigment cells that give leaves a beautiful color each fall
Term
Leucoplast
Definition
This "white" plastid stores food; often found in potatoes and is filled with starch
Term
Cilia
Definition
Tiny cellular hairs that move the cell or move material around the outside of the cell
Term
Flagella
Definition
A whip-like structure used for movement
Term
Microtubule
Definition
A protein tube that acts as a support rod for the cell
Term
Microfilament
Definition
These thin fibers are able to contract; often found in large numbers inside muscle cells
Term
Contractile
Definition
This word means to be able to shorten or contract
Term
Bilayer
Definition
This word means "Two layers"
Term
Phospholipid
Definition
One of the most important molecules in the cell membrane; this molecule is both hydrophobic and hydrophyllic
Term
Semipermeable
Definition
This term applies to the cell membrane and describes how some things can pass through it while others cannot
Term
Passive
Definition
__?__ transport requires no added energy; best examples include diffusion and osmosis
Term
Concentration
Definition
A __?__ gradient is when you have a high concentration next to a low concentration
Term
Diffusion
Definition
The passive movement of dissolved materials from a [high] to a [low]
Term
Osmosis
Definition
The movement of water from a [high] to a [low]
Term
Facilitated
Definition
__?__ diffusion uses a carrier molecule to transport tiny materials without extra energy being needed
Term
Active
Definition
__?__ transport uses ATP to move things with or against a concentration gradient
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
Cell eating
Term
Pinocytosis
Definition
Cell drinking
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
Bulk transport of materials into a cell
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
Bulk transport of materials out of the cell
Term
Optimal
Definition
The __?__ point is the point at which a cell functions best
Term
Dynamic
Definition
__?__ equilibrium occurs when a cell has reached homeostasis
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