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cytology exam
everything mrs lindenstein says
29
Biology
10th Grade
03/08/2010

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Term
Plasma(cell) membrane
Function
Definition
controls what goes in and out of a cell

protects and supports cell
Term
nucleous
Definition
produces units of RNA which combine in the cytoplasm to form ribosomes
Term
cell wall
Definition
provides specific shape and protection to the bacterium.
Term
nucleus
Definition
It regulates all metabolic and hereditary activities of the cell.
Term
ribosome
Definition
where amino acids are strung together to form proteins
Term
diffusion
Definition
the movement of substances from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentraion
Term
osmosis
Definition
movement of water through a semi-permiable membrane.

High concentration to low concentration
Term
dialysis
Definition
mmovement of solutes from regions of high to low concentrations through a semi-permeable membrane
Term
DNA
Definition
A nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication

double stranded
thymine
Term
active transport
Definition
requires energy
Term
passive transport
Definition
requires no energy
Term
plasmolysis
Definition
loss of water in a plant cell resulting in a drop of turgor pressure
Term
endocytosis
Definition
process in which a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment
Term
phagocytosis
Definition
the movement of large particles of solid food or whole cells into the cell
Term
pinocytosis
Definition
a form of endocytosis that involves the transport of liquid droplets or small particles
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
process by which high energy molecules (glucose) are formed from 2 low energy molecules (CO2+H2O)in the presence of light.
Term
aerobic respiration
Definition
O2 is needed
36 ATP made from the breakdown of 1 glucose molecules

glycolysis
krebs cycle
electron transport chain
Term
anaerobic respiration
Definition
No oxygen
occurs in cytoplasm

alcoholic fermentation
acid fermentation
Term
general reaction equation
Definition
6COv2 + 6Hv2O------Cv6Hv12Ov6 +6Ov2

comes from res. light nrg glucose waste product ot plant
Term
light reaction
Definition
water is split to make oxygen2
energy making process
requires presence of light
pigment (chlorophyll) needed for light energy capture
pigments are present on or in the thylakoid membrane.
Term
dark reaction
Definition
occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast
energy using process
COv2 is used to produce glucose
if glucose is not immediately used on the plant it sis stored as starch at the source.
aka Calvin Cycle
Term
cell theory
Definition
all living things are made of cells
smallest unit of life is the cell
cells come from pre-existing ones
Term
anton leeuwenhoek
Definition
early 1600's
inventor of the microscope
Term
robert hooke
Definition
1665
made thin slices of cork and determined that cork was made up of tiny "boxes" (cells)
Term
robert brown
Definition
1833
documented presence of a nucleus in cells
Term
m. Schleiden
Definition
1838

german botanist documented that plants are made of cells
Term
t. schwann
Definition
1839
zoologist that documented that animals are made of cells
Term
r. virchon
Definition
1855

documented the cells arise from pre-existing ones
Term
RNA
Definition
A polymeric constituent of all living cells and many viruses

single stranded
uracil
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