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Ancient
Medieval
Reformation
Modern |
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| Judaism is unique in its belief in |
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Monotheism
(ONE loving & historic God) |
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Selucids (Antioch)
Ptolemies (Alexandria) |
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| Greek kingdoms were conquered by |
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Alexander the Great
(Alexander's Conquest 332 BC) |
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| Jewish key beliefs/values |
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Definition
Torah
Apocalypticism
Messianism (they were expecting a political deliverer, mosaic lawgiver, or miracle worker) |
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| Palestine vs. the Diaspora |
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1st Century A.D. -
2/3 of Jews did not live in the Holy Land |
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| Believed in written Torah |
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| Macabean Revolt of the Jews |
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| Alexander and his conquests |
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Architect of Democracy
celebration of man |
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| "Man is the measure of all things." |
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| the human body, health, wealth, youth, beauty, homosexuality |
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1st to philosophize about the great questions of the human condition
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| "The unexamined life is not worth living." |
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Made Distinctions btwn Forms & Matter
Allegory of the Cave |
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| Knowledge gained through senses/observation (science) |
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| Pompey enters Holy of Holies |
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"Great King" of the world
defeats the Persians at age 22 |
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| the spread of Hellenism brings unity of |
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Non-exclusive religion
Sophisticated culture (Urban)
Advanced intellectual life (philosophy)
Democratic politics
Universal Language (Greek)
Music
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| The Gospel _______ to and ________ its Culture. |
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| Julius Caesar assassinated |
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Definition
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| Herod the Great secures Judaea |
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Definition
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| Octavian defeats Mark Anthony & Cleopatra |
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| Octavian renamed Caesar Augustus--becomes 1st emperor |
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| The Gospel is culturally _______ & culturally _________ |
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| Core Values of the Roman Empire |
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Definition
Distinct peoples united as one
A sense of favor by the Gods
Historical consciousness (rooted in tradition) |
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| Christians were seen by the Romans as |
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Definition
a separate people of God who:
rejected Roman Gods
questioned traditional values |
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| peace allows commerce & travel to flourish |
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| Pax Romana, Roman Road system, Common Language, Religious government were |
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Definition
| conducive to Christianity |
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Definition
| attention to the duties of civic religion |
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| power obtained from the gods through proper rituals and offerings |
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| sense of awe or dread in the presence of the gods |
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| Primitive Christianity was |
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| Orthodox believers emphasized |
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Definition
The Lordship of Jesus
The Community of the church
The Unity of Jew and Gentile
The Centrality of the Apostles
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| The first "Christianity" in Edessa, Syria was |
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| Jewish-Christian and Gnostic |
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| Varieties of Early Christianity |
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Definition
Pauline
Marcionite
Petrine
Johannine
Montanist
Jewish
Gnostic
'Catholic' (combination) |
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| churches in Asia Minor & Greece that Paul evangelized |
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The Father of Jesus is a different God than the wicked God in the OT
Rejected any connection to Israel of Judaism |
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Centered in Rome
(Peter recognized as Rome's first bishop) |
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centered near Ephesus
read the Gospels, Epistles, Revelation of John |
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cult group
claimed a special revelation of Spirit through visions and trances |
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| the way to salvation is through a secret, cryptic knowledge |
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| people of the land, spoke Aramaic, conservative |
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| minority, spoke Greek, open to the wider world, intellectual leaders |
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| Head of the Jerusalem Church |
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| Romans destroy Jewish temple |
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heretical sect
believed Jesus was "mere man"
deny virgin birth
only read Gospel of Matthew |
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| Trajan tells Pliny Christians are under state ban, but not sought out |
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| Bar Kokhba Rebellion of Jews |
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| Ignatius of Antioch articulates the concept of monepiscopacy |
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| Monepiscopacy is a big word for |
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Definition
| single bishop in every city |
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| Strategies to Acheive Unity |
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Definition
The Bishop
The Canon
The Rule of Faith |
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Definition
| the bishop had to trace his lineage to the apostles |
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| Approx. date that Primitivie Christianity became 'catholic' |
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| giving homage to the powerful in exchange for lavish blessings |
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| Christians were thought to pose |
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Definition
A political threat
A social threat
An economic threat |
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a certificate of proof that you had sacrificed to the gods
(issued during Decian persecution) |
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| force behind the Great Persecution |
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| saw a vision, "In this sign you shall conquer." |
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| St. Alban, first British martyr |
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| Emperor Decius initiates policy of active extermination of Christians |
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| Battle of the Milvian Bridge |
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313 A.D.
(Constantine's demand for Toleration of Christianity) |
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(defender of Nicene Orthodoxy)
Outlawed pagan sacrifices
Pagan temples torn down
THE FORMAL END OF PAGANISM
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| believed Jesus is the culmination of history, Church & State are intertwined, and the Emperor is God's chosen instrument to reign in God's place on earth |
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| Pachomius organizes cenobitic monasticism |
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| Constantine renames city of Byzantium as Constantinople |
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Council of Nicaea
1st ecumenical council
called by the emperor himself
signaled a new way to do theology |
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| Jesus is created so he is on a lower level than God |
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Defender of Nicene Trinitarianism
salvation was the issue (Christ had to be fully divine to save us) |
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| Constantine wanted to use the Christian religion |
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| same substance (key term of Creed of Nicaea) |
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| Council of Constantinople gives the final form of the Nicene Creed |
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| said the Incarnation allows icons to represent God and lead toward him (adoration vs. veneration) |
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| "Our hearts are restless, until they rest in You." |
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| Alaric the Visigoth invades Rome |
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was converted in a garden
author of City of God |
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| Council of Chalcedon (defines orthodox Christianity) |
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Definition
Overemphasized divinity of Christ
Allegorical Interpretation of the Bible |
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Definition
Overemphasized humanity of Christ
Literal Bible Translation |
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Definition
emphasized hypostatic union
the main architect of orthodox Christology
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| manhood and deity are to be kept separate |
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| Clovis, King of the Franks accepts Nicene Christianity |
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| Approx. date of the beginning of "Roman Catholic Church" |
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| Rule of St. Benedict written |
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| Augustine of Canterbury arrives in Britain |
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| Pope Gregory the Great dies |
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Definition
| Jerusalem conquered by the Muslims |
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Definition
| Charles Martel turns back the Muslims at the Battle of Tours |
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| Charlemagne crowned by the pope as a new "emperor" |
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| Otto I crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Germany |
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| Gothic Architecture first appears |
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| Franciscan & Dominican Orders Founded |
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| Thomas Aquinas completes his Summa Theologiae |
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| After persecution, monks became the new |
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Definition
(Desert)
Individual
St. Anthony is an example |
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Definition
Organized communal monasticism
St. Benedict
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Definition
captured by the Goths
translated portions of Bible into Gothic
Was an Arian |
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Term
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Definition
kidnapped by the Irish
"Come and walk amongst us once more" |
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| Clovis, King of the Franks |
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Definition
| 1st Barbarian king to accept Nicene Christianity |
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Definition
Sent by the pope to the Anglo-Saxons
Evangelizes Britain |
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said the church and the empire are equal and inter-dependent
Christianized Hellenism |
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| The early barbarians were |
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Definition
| 1st enemy to invade Rome in 800 yrs |
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| Clovis' conversion began a long-standing alliance btwn |
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"the first pope"
performed civic & religious duties
met with Atilla the Hun |
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| the authority of priests is greater than that of the kings |
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| Characteristics of Celtic Christianity |
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Definition
Mysticism/Supernaturalism
Respect for Creation
Monasticism/Asceticism |
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| Medieval Rome paints a picture of the Barbarian Father & |
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| Knighthood was Christianized warfare made |
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| Clovis, king of the Franks, was baptized on |
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Definition
a violent man of war who conquered many tribes
supposrter of education
(Alcuin of York was his main education guru) |
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| When the Noresmen (vikings) became Christians they were called |
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| rulers giving ecclesiastical offices as favors |
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