Term
| What is the other name for Structural theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give me 2 examples of a social institution |
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Definition
· Work
· Education
· Family
· Religion and so forth. |
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Term
| Functionalist writers argue that it is only by learning cultural rules that ------ ----------- becomes possible |
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Definition
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Term
| At what level do social structures, operate in society |
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Definition
| At an institutional level |
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Term
If:
· Society always has a culture
And:
· Everyone is necessarily socialised into that culture
Then??????? |
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Definition
| A general consensus over values and norms must exist |
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Term
| Identify one of the problems with Consensus theory |
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Definition
| A major problem this theory is that of how to explain the very clear differences in behaviour that we see all around us everyday. People, for example, do not behave in exactly the same way and there are clear cultural differences present in the same society. |
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Term
| Is Marxism a consenus or conflict theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 2 primary classes Marx discusses |
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Definition
Bourgeoisie
Working Class or Proletariat |
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Term
| The defining characteristic of any society, from a Conflict perspective, is ........ |
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Definition
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Term
| Consensus theorists do recognise social inequality, but they argue that inequality is ........ |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the bourgeoisie get the proletariat to accept inequality? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to conflict theory socialisation takes two forms. Name 1 |
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Definition
a. It is desirable to convince people that their lack of power, influence, status, wealth and so forth is basically their own fault.
b) If people fail to be socialised completely into these values, then force (coercion) is available. |
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Term
| For Marxists, therefore, the bourgeoisie have two main problems in terms of their relations with other social classes. Name 1 |
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Definition
a. How to maintain their privileged position from one generation to the next.
b. How to stop other classes taking away their wealth and privilege. |
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Term
| Why, for Marxists is the control of cultural institutions important? |
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Definition
| By its ability to spread its concept of superior (high) and inferior (low) cultural forms (through ownership and/ or control of cultural institutions such as religion, education and the mass media), a ruling class is able to impose cultural ideas on the rest of society that reflect its interests. |
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Term
| Shils (1971), for example, argues we can characterise Elite theory by the way it argues that modern societies are characterised by three basic cultural levels. What were they? |
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Definition
| a. Highbrow (the superior and refined, containing the best qualities of a society). b. Middlebrow (the mediocre that aspires to be highbrow but which lacks originality, subtlety or depth) and c. Lowbrow (the brutal and worthless aspects of a culture. Forms which lack any pretence at sophistication, insight or refinement and which supposedly characterise many of the cultural forms of modern, working class, culture). |
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Term
| For Elite theorists what does "acultured" mean" |
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Definition
| acultured means, in this context, a culture that is relatively shallow and worthless in terms of the things it values. |
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Term
| Give me a criticism of Elite theory |
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Definition
a) Elite theorists conveniently assume that high culture is inherently superior to what they term low culture;
b) Many critics of this approach argue that there is little evidence to support the notion that popular culture is, by definition, brutish and impoverished;
c) Elite theorists contrast an idealised pre-industrial past filled with poor-but-happy peasants participating proudly in a dynamic folk culture; |
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Term
| What did the Frankfurt School argue? |
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Definition
| They argued that mass culture was a way of distracting the working classes from the real causes of their problems in Capitalist society (low wages, exploitation, lack of power and status, etc.). |
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Term
| Both the Elite and Frankfurt School viewpoints have things in common, even though they are politically far apart. For example: |
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Definition
The working classes are seen as passive consumers of pre-packaged cultural forms.
Working class culture lacks creativity.
Working class cultural life is brutish and debased. |
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