Term
| What is a combinational logic element? |
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Definition
| It's a circuit whose output depends only on its current inputs |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a combinational logic element |
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Term
| What is a sequential logic element? |
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Definition
| A sequential element depends on its past history as well as the current input. Since it can remember previous inputs, it has a memory element. Can be made from simple combinational logic elements |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a sequential logic element |
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Term
| What is a tri-state gate? |
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Definition
| It allows you to connect lots of separate digital circuits together by means of a common highway called a bus |
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Term
| What is the microprogram? |
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Definition
| It is the connection between the processor and the circuits and acts as the interpreter the converts individual machine-level instructions into a sequence of actions that can be carried out by the circuits composed of individual gates |
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Term
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Definition
| branch of algebra that deals with outcomes being true or false (1 or 0) and provides a way to manipulate logical expressions using the logical operations AND, OR, and NOT (inversion) |
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Term
| What are 3 types of gates? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is the output of an AND gate true? |
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Definition
| When both/all inputs are 1 (aka TRUE) |
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Term
| When is the output of an OR gate false? |
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Definition
| When all the inputs are 0 (aka FALSE) |
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Term
| What is the mathematical equivalent for AND? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mathematical equivalent for OR? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the inverter gate |
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Definition
| It has one input and one output. The output is the complement to the input. So if the input is 1, the output is 0, etc. |
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Term
| What is the symbol for an AND gate? |
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Definition
| Looks like a half circle with a square end |
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Term
| What is the symbol for an OR gate? |
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Definition
| Looks like a Star Trek symbol |
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Term
| What is the symbol for inversion gate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three derived gates? |
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Definition
1. NOR (Not OR)
2. NAND (Not AND)
3. Exclusive OR |
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Term
| What is the equivalent of a NOR gate? |
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Definition
| It's a contraction of NOT and OR, so it is equivalent to an OR gate followed by a negation |
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Term
| What is the equivalent of a NAND gate? |
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Definition
| IT's a contraction of NOT and AND, so it is equivalent to an AND gate followed by a negation |
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Term
| How does the exclusive (XOR) gate work and what is its symbol? |
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Definition
| The output is only true if the inputs are different. The symbol is a plus sign in a circle. |
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Term
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Definition
| A circuit is made up of several interconnected gates |
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Term
| What are the rules about connecting gates? |
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Definition
1. You CAN connect the output of one gate to the input of one or more other gates
2. You CANNOT connect the output of two or more gates together |
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Term
| The + (OR) identity element is _ |
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Definition
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Term
| The * (AND) identity element is _ |
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Definition
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Term
| The stored program computer uses _______ to express the movement of data in a digital computer |
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Definition
| Register Transfer Language |
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Term
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Definition
| it is the address to which you want to read or write |
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Term
| What does a control signal do? |
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Definition
| It controls what is happening with the CPU and memory |
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Term
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Definition
| It contains the memory of what is being read or written |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the location where data is stored |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of combinational logic? |
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Definition
1. Has inputs and outputs
2. Is measured in nanoseconds
3. Has no memory
4. Has no feedback |
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Term
| What is the truth table for the AND gate |
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Definition
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A
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B
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A*B
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0
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0
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0
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0
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1
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0
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1
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0
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0
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1
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1
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1
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Term
| What is the truth table for the OR gate? |
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Definition
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A
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B
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A+B
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0
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0
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0
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0
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1
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1
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1
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0
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1
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1
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1
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1
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Term
| What is the truth table for the NOT gate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the truth table for XOR? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the does the XOR gate look like? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the symbol for XNOR look like? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the truth table for XNOR? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a buffer gate look like? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a buffer gate do? |
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Definition
| It amplifies the signal so it can go further |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the number of gates an output can drive |
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Term
| What can the values of a bit be? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many bits are in a byte? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The size of a word is machine and architecture dependent.
- ARM uses 32 bits
- typically is dependent on the size of the register |
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Term
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Definition
| It's the size of the word * 2 |
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Term
| How long is a short-word? |
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Definition
| It's the size of the word / 2 |
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Term
| How many bits do we need to represent the 26 letters of the alphabet? |
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Definition
2^4 = 16 (not enough)
2^5 = 32 which is enough, so we need 5 bits |
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Term
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Definition
1. integers
2. characters (ASCII)
3. floating points
4. Instructions
5. images, sound, or video |
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Term
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Definition
| The Natural numbers {1, 2, 3, ...} |
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Term
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Definition
| The Integers {... -1, 0, 1,...} |
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Term
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Definition
| The rational numbers, which are numbers that can be expressed as A/B |
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Term
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Definition
| Real numbers which are decimals that never repeat or terminate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How do you round to the nearest? |
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Definition
| use the closest floating-point representation |
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Term
| What do you do when rounding to positive infinity or negative infinity? |
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Definition
| Select the nearest valid floating-point number in the direction that you're going (positive or negative infinity) |
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Term
| What is the decimal range for 32 bits? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Move the bits stored in a register one or more positions to the right or left |
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Term
| What is the binary range for a 32 bit number? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the decimal range for 64 bits? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does ARM code LDR mean? |
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Definition
| Loader means to load the register from memory |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does SVC in ARM mean? |
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Definition
| It's a System Service Call |
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Term
| What does .balign in ARM do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does .asciz do in ARM? |
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Definition
| Tells the assembler that the characters in the string are ASCII. Also adds the null terminator for you. |
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Term
| What does MOV mean in ARM? |
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Definition
| It means move, and is followed by destination and then the source |
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Term
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Definition
is combinational logic that takes an n-bit code word and generates exactly one output signal corresponding with the input code
if n inputs, 2^n outputs
Has an enabler |
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Term
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Definition
| It's combinational logic which takes one of its 2^n inputs and directs it to its only output under control of its n control or select lines |
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Term
| What happens in a logical shift? |
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Definition
| the incoming bit is 0 and the bit that is shifted out is copied to the carry bit |
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Term
| What happens in an arithmetic shift? |
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Definition
| In an arithmetic shift, the number is either multiplied or divided by 2. The sign is preserved and the bit shifted out is copied to the carry bit |
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Term
| What happens in a circular shift? |
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Definition
| The bit that is shifted out is copied into the bit vacated at the other end |
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Term
| What is the big difference between flip flops and latches? |
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Definition
| Flip flops use the clock, latches do not |
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Term
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Definition
| a register is a group of flip flops that share the same clock. n-bits = n flip-flops |
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Term
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Definition
| How well can we represent the true value of a number |
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Term
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Definition
| The difference between the recorded number and the true value |
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Term
| How do you calculate the error? |
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Definition
| It's the true value - measured value |
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Term
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Definition
| Grabs what is in the input and stores it until the input changes (NO CLOCK) |
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