adip/o

fat

a state of equilibrium that is maintained within the body's internal environment.

the smallest, most basic chemical unit of an element. It consists of protons and neutrons and is surrounded by electrons.

a chemical combination of two or more atoms that form a specific chemical compound.

ex: water (H2O)- a tasteless, clear, odorless liquid that makes up 65% of a male's body weight and 55% of a woman's body weight. Water is the most important constituent of all body fluids, secretions, and excretions.

the basic building blocks for various structures that together make up a human being.

There are several types of cells, each specialized to perform specific functions. The size and shape of a cell are generally related to its function.The parts of a cell are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.

The outer covering of the cell

the substance between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane. jelly like material that is mostly water.

responsible for the cell's metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The central part of the cell that contains the chromosomes.

the precursors of all body cells.

Stem cells have three general properties: They are capable of renewing themselves for long periods, they are unspecialized, and they can give rise to specialized cell types.  Some primary sources of stem cells innclude embryos, adult tissues, and umbilical cord blood.

a tissue is a grouping of similar cells that together perform specialized functions.

There are four basic types of tissue in the body: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nerve.

appears as sheetlike arrangements of cells, sometimes several layers thick, that form the outer surfaces of the body and line the body cavities and the principal tubes and passageways leading to the exterior.

There are six functions: Protection, Sensation, Secretion, Absorbtion, Excretion, and Diffusion.

The most widespread and abundant of the body tissues, connective tissue forms the supporting network for the organs of the body, sheaths the muscles, and connects muscles to bones and bones to joints.

*Bone is a dense form of connective tissue.

           Three types of muscle tissue:

 Skeletal muscle or voluntary muscle

 Smooth muscle or involuntary muscle

 Cardiac muscle also involuntary muscle

striated in appearance and is anchored by tendons to bone. Used to effect skeletal movement such as locomotion and in maintaining posture. Males are made up of 42% and females 36% of skeletal muscle.

found within the walls of organs and structures such as the esophagus, stomach, intestines, bronchi, uterus, uretha, bladder, blood vessels, and the arrector pili in the skin.

unlike skeletal tissue, smooth muscle is not under conscious control and is under the control of the autonomic nervous system.

is an unvoluntary muscle and is a specialized form of striated tissue found only in the heart. Cardiac muscle is also under the control of the autonomic nervous system.

consists of nerve cells (neurons) and supporting cells called neuroglia. It has the properties of excitability and conductivity and fuctions to control and coordinate the activities of the body.

Multiple different tissues serving a common purpose or function.

ex: brain, skin, heart

*most people do not know that skin is an organ.

A group of different organs woring together for a common purpose.

There are 11 systems.

Protective membrane, temperature regulator, and sensory receptor.

Framework and Movement: shape, support, protection, and storage place for minerals. Movement is made possible through joints.

Framework and Movement: Muscles produce movement, maintain posture, and produce heat.

Communication and Control: The nervous system transmits impulses, responds to change, is responsible for communication, and exercises control over all parts of the body.

Communication and Control: The glands of the endocrine system produce hormones, chemical messengers, that provide for comunication and control over various parts of the body.

Transportation and Immunity: Transmits oxygen and carbon dioxide, delivers nutrients and hormones, and removes waste products.

Transportation and Immunity: Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, chemical substances and cells that act to protect the body from foreign substances.  The lymphatic system stimulates immune response, protects the body, and transports proteins and fluids.

Distribution and Elimination: Furnishes oxygen for use by individual tissue cells and removes their gaseous waste product, carbon dioxide.

Distribution and Elimination: Digestion, absorption, and elimination.

Distribution and Elimination: Produces urine, transports urine and eliminates urine.  The kidneys help maintain electrolyte, water, and acid-based balance of the body.

Cycle of Life: Responsible for sexual characteristics of the male and/or female. Proper functioning ensures survival of the human race.

Four primary reference systems have been adopted to provide uniformity to the anatomical description of the body.

direction, planes, cavities, and structural unit.

Directional and positional terms describe the location of organs or body parts in relationship to another.

There are 10 terms.

Above, in an upward direction, toward the head.

Below or in a downward direction; more toward the feet or tail.

In front of or before, the front side of the body.

Toward the back, back side of the body.

Pertaining to the tail; inferior in position

Nearest the point of attachment or near the beginning of a structure

Away from the point of attachment or far from the beginning of a structure

the imaginary planes that pass through the body and divide it into various sections.

There are three: Midsagittal plane, Transverse or horizontal plane and Coronal or frontal plane.

Vertically divides the body as it passes through the midline to form a right and left half

Any plane that divides the body into superior (upward) and inferior (downward) positions.

Any plane that diveds the body at right angles to the midsagittal plane. The coronal plane divides the body into anterior (ventral)/front and posterior (dorsal)/ back positions

a cavity is a hollow space containing body organs. Body cavities are classified into two groups according to their location.

Ventral /Anterior Cavity front

Dorsal / Posterior Cavity back

Ventral Cavity

anterior/front

the hollow portion of the human torso extending fro the neck to the pelvis and containng the heart and the organs of respiration, digestion, reproduction, and elimination.

The ventral cavity can be subdivided into three distinct areas: thoracic (heart/lungs, abdominal (referred to as the belly; stomach, intestines,digestion) and pelvic (reproduction/elimination)

Dorsal Cavity

posterior / back

contains the structures of the nervous system, the dorsal cavity is seperated into the cranial cavity (contains the brain) and the spinal cavity spinal column).

Combination of the abdominal and pelvic cavities, it is divided into nine regions.

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestines.

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) contains the left lobe of the liver, stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestines.

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) contains part of the small and large intestines, appendix, right ovary, right fallopian tube, right ureter.

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) contains part of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter.

adipose

\ˈa-də-ˌpōs\

adip      fat

-ose       pertaining to

Pertaining to fatty tissue throughout the body.

ambilateral

am-bi-ˈlat-ə-rəl

ambi-     both

later-      side

-al          pertaining to

Pertaining to both sides.

android

an-ˌdrȯid

andr      man

-oid      resemble

To resemble man.

anterior

\an-ˈtir-ē-ər\

anter      toward the front

 -ior       pertaining to

Pertaining to a surface or part situated toward the front of the body.

bilateral

\(ˈ)bī-ˈlat-ə-rəl, -ˈla-trəl\

bi-      two

later   side

-al      pertaining to

Pertaining to two sides.

biology

\-jē\

bi-          life

-ology    study of

Study of life

caudal

\ˈkȯd-^əl\

caud      tail

-al         pertaining to

Pertaining to the tail

cilia

(sil´e-ah)

Hairlike processes that project from epithelial cells; they help propel mucus, dust particles, and other foreign substances from the respiratory tract.

cranial

/cra·ni·al/

cran/i      cranium

-al           pertaining to

Pertaining to the cranium (the protion of the skull that contains the brain).

cytology

 (si-tol´ah-je)

cyt/o      cell

-ology   study of

Study of cells

dehydrate

(d[image]-h[image][image]dr[image]t[image])

de-     down, away from

hydr   water

-ate    use, action

To remove water; to lose or be deprived of water to the body.

distal

(d[image]s[image]t[image]l)

dist   away from the point of origin

 -al     pertaining to

Pertaining to fartherest from the center or point of origin.

dorsal

(dor´s'l)

dors    backward

 -al     pertaining to

Pertaining to the back side of the body.

ectomorph

[ek′təmôrf′]

ecto-      outside

-morph  form, shape

Slender physical body form

endomorph

[en′dəmôrf′]

endo-      within

-morph   form, shape

Round and soft physical body form.

homeostasis

 /ho·meo·sta·sis/ (-sta´sis)

homeo-      similar, same

-stasis        control, stop, stand still

State of equilibrium maintained in the body's internal environment.

inferior

/in·fe·ri·or/ (-fēr´e-er)

infer      below

-ior        pertaining to

Pertaining to below or in a downward direction.

inguinal

 /in·gui·nal/ (in´gwĭ-n'l)

inguin   groin

-al         pertaining to

Pertaining to the groin

internal

/in·ter·nal/ (in-ter´n'l)

intern   within

-al        pertaining to

Pertaining to within or the inside

lateral

 /lat·er·al/

later     side

-al       pertaining to

Pertaining to the side

medial

(me´de-il)

medi     toward the middle

-al        pertaining to

Pertaining to toward the middle or midline

mesomorph

 /meso·morph/ (mez´o-morf)

meso-      middle

-morph    form, shape

Well-proportioned body form marked by predominance of tissue derived from the mesoderm.

pathology

(pah-thol´ah-je)

path/o      disease

-logy        study of

Study of disease

physiology

/phys·i·ol·o·gy/ (-je)

physi/o    nature

-logy       study of

Study of the function (nature) of living organisms.

posterior

(pos-tēr´e-er)

poster     behind, toward the back

-ior         pertaining to

Pertaining to the back part of a structure

protoplasm

(pro´to-plazm)

proto-     first

-plasm    a thing formed, plasma

Essential matter inside of a living cell

proximal

/prox·i·mal/ (-mil)

proxim     near the point of origin

-al            pertaining to

Pertaining to nearest the center or point of origin.

superior

 /su·pe·ri·or/ (soo-pēr´e-or)

super-     upper, above

-ior         pertaining to

Pertaining to above or in an upward direction.

systemic

(sis-tem´ik)

system    composite, whole

-ic           pertaining to

Pertaining to the body as a whole

topical

(top´ĭ-k'l)

topic    place

-al       pertaining to

Pertaining to a place

unilateral

 /uni·lat·er·al/ (-lat´er-al

uni-      one

later     side

-al        pertaining to

Pertaining to one side

ventral

 /ven·tral/ (ven´tral)

ventr     near the belly side

-al         pertaining to

Pertaining to the front side of the body

visceral

/vis·cer·al/ (vis´er-al)

viscer    body organs

-al         pertaining to

Pertaining to body organs enclosed within a cavity.

Outer layer of the skin. Outer protective covering of the body that can be divided into five strata.

Dermis

aka corum or true skin

Nourishes the epidermis, provides strength, and supports blood vessels.

Hair is a thin, threadlike structure formed by a group of cells that develop within a hair follicle or socket. Provides sensation and some protection for the head.

Fingernails or toenails are horny cell structures of the epidermis and are composed of hard keratin. Protects ends of fingers and toes.

Lubricates the hair and the skin

Distributed over the entire surface of the body with the exception of the lips, glans penis, and the inner surface of the prepuce. 2 types of sweat glands apocrine and merocrine.

apocrine: armpits, nipples, and the groin.

merocrine: coiled tubular glands that discharge their secretions directly onto the surface of the skin.

The skin is the external covering of the body. In an average adult it covers more than 3,000 inches of surface area, weighs more than 6 pounds, and is the largest organ in the body.

4 main functions: protection, regulation, sensation and secretion.

The skin serves as a protective membrane against invasion by bacteria and other potentially harmful agents that could try to penetrate into deeper tissues.

The skin serves to raise or lower body temperature as necessary.

The skin contains millions of microscopic nerve endings that act as sensory receptors for pain, touch, heat, cold, and pressure.

The skin contains millions of sweat glands, which secrete perspiration or sweat, and sebaceous glands, which secrete oil (sebum) for lubrication.

albinism

\ˈal-bə-ˌniz-əm, al-ˈbī-\

albin      white

-ism       condition

alopecia

\al-ə-ˈpē-sh(ē-)ə\

a-        without, lack of

lopec   fox mange, baldness

-ia       condition

Condition of absence of or hair loss.

anhidrosis

an-hi-ˈdrō-səs

an-       without, lack of

hidr      sweat

-osis     condition

Condition of lack of or complete absence of sweat.

bulla

\ˈbu̇l-ə\

Larger blister; a bleb

burn

Injury to tissue caused by heat, fire, chemical agents, electricity, lightning, or radiation.

Three classifications,

1st: Damages only outer layer of skin.

2nd: Damages epidermis and upper layers of dermis.

3rd: Involves all of epidermis and dermis.

candidiasis

kan-də-ˈdī-ə-səs

Infection of the skin or mucous membranes with any species of Candida (yeast) but chiefly Candida albicans.

carbuncle

ˈkär-ˌbəŋ-kəl

Infection of the subcutaneous tissue, usually composed of a cluster of boils.

cellulitis

sel-yə-ˈlīt-əs

cellul      little cell

-itis         inflammation

An acute, diffuse inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue characterized by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling.

cryosurgery

krī-ō-ˈsərj-(ə-)rē

Technique of using subfreezing temperature (usually with liquid nitrogen) to produce well-demarcated areas of cell injury and destruction.

cutaneous

kyu̇-ˈtā-nē-əs

cutane     skin

-ous        pertaining to

Pertaining to the skin

decubitus (decub) ulcer

\-bət-əs\

de-       down

cubit    to lie

-us       pertaining to

Pertaining to an area of skin and tissue that becomes injured or broken down. Also known as a bedsore or pressure ulcer.

dehiscence

di-ˈhis-^ən(t)s

Surgical complication where there is a seperation or bursting open of a surgical wound.

dermabrasion

dər-mə-ˈbrā-zhən

Surgical procedure to remove acne scars, nevi, tattoos, or fine wrinkles on the skin by using sandpaper, wire brushes, or other abrasive materials.

dermatitis

dər-mə-ˈtīt-əs

dermat    skin

-itis         inflamation

Pertaining to inflammation of the skin.

dermatologist

dər-mə-ˈtäl-ə-jəst

dermat/o   skin

log            study of

-ist            one who specializes

dermatology (Derm)

dər-mə-ˈtäl-ə-jē

dermat/o      skin

-logy            study of

Pertaining to the study of the skin

dermatome

ˈdər-mə-ˌtōm

derm/a      skin

-tome        instrument to cut

Surgical instrument used to cut the skin for grafting.

dermomycosis

(dûr'mə-tō-mī-kō'sĭs)

derm/o      skin

myc          fungus

-osis         condition

Condition of skin condition caused by a fungus

ecchymosis

ek-uh-moh-seez

ec-       out

chym   juice

-osis    condition

Condition of abnormal in which the blood seeps into the skin causing discolorations.

erythema

er-uh-thee-muh

Redness of the skin

erythroderma

(ĭ-rĭth'rō-dûr'mə)

erythr/o    red

-derma     skin

Abnormal redness of the skin occiring over widespread areas of the body

excoriation

ik-skawr-ee-ey-shuh n

ex-       out

coriat   corum

-ion      pertaining to

Pertaining to abrasion of the epidermis by scratching, trauma, chemicals, or burns.

exudate

eks-yoo-deyt

An oozing of pus or serum

folliculitis

fuh-lik-yuh-lahy-tis

follicul      little bag

-itis           inflammation

Pertaining to inflammation of a follicle or follicles

gangrene

gang-green

Litterally means an eating sore.

hidradenitis

 hĭ-drād'n-ī'tĭs

hidr      sweat

aden     gland

-itis      inflammation

Pertaining to inflammation of the sweat glands

hyperhidrosis

hahy-per-hi-droh-sis

hyper-      excessive

hidr          sweat

-osis        condition

Abnormal condition of excessive sweating

hypodermic

hahy-puh-dur-mik

hypo-    under

derm     skin

-ic         pertaining to

Pertaining to under the skin or inserted under the skin

icteric

[ik-ter-ik]

icter      jaundice

-ic         pertaining to

Pertaining to jaundice

impetigo

[im-pi-tahy-goh]

Skin infection marked by vesicles or bullae; usually caused by strep or staph

integumentary

[in-teg-yuh-men-tuh-ree]

integument     a covering

-ary                 pertaining to

Pertaining to a covering; the skin, consisting of the dermis and epidermis

intradermal

[in-truh-dur-muh l]

intra-     within

derm      skin

-al          pertaining to

Pertaining to within the skin

jaundice

jawn-dis

jaund      yellow

-ic(e)      pertaining to

Pertaining to yellow;a symptom of a disease in which there is excessive bile in the blood

leukoderma

[loo-kuh-dur-muh]

leuk/o     white

-derma    skin

Localized loss of pigmentation of the skin

leukoplakia

                      [loo-kuh-pley-kee-uh] /ˌlu kəˈpleɪ ki ə/                     

leuk/o      white

plak         plate

-ia           condition

Condition of white spots or patches found on the mucus membrane of the tongue or cheek.

melanocarcinoma

(měl'ə-nō-kär'sə-nō'mə)

melan/o     black

carcin        cancer

-oma          tumor

Pertaining to a cancerous tumor that has black pigmentation

melanoma

[mel-uh-noh-muh]

melan      black

-oma        tumor

Pertaining to cancer that develops in the pigment cells of the skin.

miliaria

[mil-ee-air-ee-uh]

miliar      millet (tiny)

-ia           condition

Condition called prickly heat; commonly seen in newborns and/or infants. Caused by excessive body heat.

mole

                       [mohl] /moʊl/                     

Pigmented, elevated spot above the surface of the skin; a nevus

onychitis

än-i-ˈkīt-əs

onych     nail

-itis         inflammation

Pertianing to inflammation of the nail.

onychomycosis

(ŏn'ĭ-kō-mī-kō'sĭs)

onych/o     nail

myc           fungus

-osis          condition

Condition of a fungal infection of the nails

paronychia

par-ə-ˈnik-ē-ə

par-       around

onych    nail

-ia         pertaining to

Pertaining to infectious condition of the marginal structures around the nail

pediculosis

pi-ˌdik-yə-ˈlō-səs

pedicul      a louse

-osis          condition

Condition of infestation with lice

petechiae

pə-ˈtē-kē-ə

Small, pinpoint, purplish hemorrhagic spots on the skin

pruritus

prü-ˈrīt-əs

prurit      itching

-us          pertaining to

Pertaining to severe itching

psoriasis

sə-ˈrī-ə-səs

Chronic skin condition characterized by frequent episodes of redness, itching, and thick dry scales on the skin

purpura

ˈpər-p(y)ə-rə

Purplish discoloration of the skin caused by extravasation of blood into the tissues.

rhytidoplasty

 (rĭt'ĭ-dō-plās'tē)

rhyrid/o      wrinkle

-plasty        surgical repair

Plastic surgery for the removal of wrinkles

rosacea

\rō-ˈzā-sh(ē-)ə\

A chronic disease of the skin of the face marked by varying degrees of palpules, pustules, erythema, telangectasia, and hyperplasia of the soft tissues of the nose.

roseola

\ˌrō-zē-ˈō-lə, rō-ˈzē-ə-lə\

Any rose colored rash marked by macule or red spots on the skin.

rubella

\rü-ˈbel-ə\

Systematic disease caused by a virus and characterized by a rash and fever; also called german measles and three-day measles.

rubeola

\ˌrü-bē-ˈō-lə, rü-ˈbē-ə-lə\

Contagious disease characterized by fever, inflammation of the mucous membrane, and rose-colored spots on the skin - also called measles.

scleroderma

\ˌskler-ə-ˈdər-mə\

scler/o      hard, hardening

-derma      skin

Chronic condition with hardenening of the skin and other connective tissues of the body.

seborrhea

\ˌseb-ə-ˈrē-ə\

seb/o    oil

-rrhea   flow

Excessive flow (secretion) of oil from the sebaceous glands.

subcutaneous

\ˌsəb-kyu̇-ˈtā-nē-əs\

sub-       below

cutane    skin

-ous       pertaining to

Pertaining to below the skin, as a subcutaneous injection

subungual

\ˌsəb-ˈəŋ-gwəl, -ˈən-\

sub-      below

ungu     nail

-al        pertaining to

Pertaining to below the nail

telangiectasia

 tel-ˌan-jē-ˌek-ˈtā-zh(ē-)ə

tel             end, distant

ang/i         vessel

-ectasia     dilatation

a birthmark

thermanesthesia

[thurm-an-is-thee-zhuh]

therm        hot, heat

an-            without, lack of

-esthesia   sensation

Inability to distinguish between the sensations of heat and cold

trichomycosis

(trĭk'ō-mī-kō'sĭs)

trich/o      hair

myc         fungus

-osis        condition

Fungal condition of the hair

ulcer

[uhl-ser]

Open lesion or sore of the epidermis or mucous membrane

varicella

[var-uh-sel-uh]

Chickpox

vitiligo

                    [vit-l-ahy-goh, -ee-goh] /ˌvɪt lˈaɪ goʊ, -ˈi goʊ/                     

Skin condition characterized by milk-white patches surrounded by areas of normal pigmentation.

xanthoderma

(zān'thə-dûr'mə)

xanth/o      yellow

-derma       skin

yellowness of the skin

xanthoma

\zan-ˈthō-mə\

xanth      yellow

-oma       tumor

Literally means yellow tumor

xeroderma

[zeer-uh-dur-muh]

xer/o      dry

-derma   skin

Dry skin

xerosis

[zi-roh-sis]

xer       dry

-osis    condition

Condition of abnormal dryness of the skin

Human body is composed of 206 bones that with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments make up the framework or skeleton of the body.

The skeleton can be divided into two main parts:

the axial skeleton consisting of 80 bones and the appendicular skeleton with the remaining bones.

*The bones are the primary organs of the skeletal system; they are     composed of approx 50% water and 50% solid matter.

*Bones provide shape and support, and the framework of the body

*Provide protection for internal organs

*Serve as a storage place for mineral salts, calcium, and phosphorus

*Play an important role in the formation of blood cells (hematopoesis)

*Provide areas for the attachment of skeletal muscles,

*Help make movement possible through articulation.

*Whiles bone is essentially brittle, it does have a significant degree of elasticity, contributed chiefly by collagen.

Ribs, scapula (shoulder blade), parts of the pelvic girdle, bones of the skull

Tibia (shin bone), femur (thigh bone), humerus, radius

Carpals, tarsals

Vertebra, ossicles of the ear

Patella (knee cap)

Between the flat bones of the chin

Three classification of joints.

Synarthrosis (Fibrous)- Does not permit movement. The bones are in close contact with each other, but there is no joint cavity. An example is a cranial suture.

Amphiarthrosis (Cartilaginous)- Permits very slight movement. An example is a vertebra.

Diarthrosis (Synovial)- Allows free movement in a variety of directions. Examples knee, hip, elbow, wrist, and foot.

Joint Movements (1)

(diarthrotic joints)

Flexion-Bending a limb

Extension-Straightening a limb

Circumduction- moving a body part in a circular motion.

Abduction- Moving a body part away from the middle.

Adduction- Moving a body part toward the middle.

Protraction- Moving a body part forward

Retraction- Moving a body part backward

Joint Movements (2)

(diarthrotic joints)

Rotation- Moving a body part around a central axis

Dorsiflexion-Bending a body part backward

Pronation- Lying prone (face downward); also turning the palm downward

Supination- Lying supine (face upward); also turning palm upward.

Eversion- Turning outward.

Inversion- Turning inward.

The vertebral column is composed of a series of seperate bones (vertebra) connected in such a way as to form four (4) spinal curves.

Cervicle Curve - top 1-7

Thoracic Curve- middle 1-12

Lumbar Curve- lower 1-5

Sacrul Curve- bottom sacrum/coccyx

The pelvis is the lower protion of the trunk of the body.

The male pelvis (android type) is shaped like a funnel, forming a narrower outlet than the female.

The female pelvis (gynecoid type) is shaped like a basin. It can be oval to round and is wider than the male pelvis.

A crack or break in the bone is called a fracture.

A fracture is classifed accoring to its external appearance, the site of the fracture, and the nature of the crack or break in the bone.

Closed or Simple: A completely internal break that does not involve a break in the skin.
Open, or compound: The fracture projects through the skin.

Transverse: Breaks the shaft of a bone across its longitudinal axis

Comminuted: Shatters the affected part into a multitude of bony fragments.

Greenstick: Only one side of the shaft is broken; and the other is bent (like a green stick). Usually in children/bones not fully developed.

Spiral: Produced by twisting stresses that are spread along the length of the bone.

Compression: Occurs in the vertebra subjected to extreme stresses, as when one falls on their bottom.

Stress: Usually occurs during the course of normal activity. (runners, patients with osteoporosis)

acetabulum

[as-i-tab-yuh-luh m]

acetabul      acetabulum, hip socket

-um             structure, tissue

Cup-shaped socket of the innominate bone (hip bone) into which the head of the femur (thigh bone) fits.

achondroplasia

ey-kon-druh-pley-zhuh

a-               without

chondr/o    cartilage

-plasia        formation

Defect in the formation of cartilage at the epiphyses of long bones.

acroarthritis

acr/o    extremity

arthr     joint

-itis      inflammation

Inflammation of the joints of the hands or feet

ankylosis

[ang-kuh-loh-sis]

ankyl      stiffening, crooked

-osis       condition

Abnormal condition of stiffening of a joint

arthralgia

[ahr-thral-juh]

arthr      joint

-algia    pain

Joint pain

arthritis

[ahr-thrahy-tis]

arthr      joint

-itis       inflammation

Inflammation of a joint

arthrocentesis

(är'thrō-sěn-tē'sĭs)

arthr/o       joint

-centesis   surgical puncture

Surgical procedure to remove joint fluid

arthroplasty

[ahr-thruh-plas-tee]

arthr/o      joint

-plasty     surgical repair

Surgical procedure used to repair a joint

arthroscope

[ahr-thruh-skohp]

arthr/o      joint

-scope      instrument for examining

Surgical instrument used to examine the interior of a joint

bursa

[bur-suh]

Padlike sac between muscles, tendons, and bones that is lined with synovial membrane and contains a fluid, synovia.

bursitis

[ber-sahy-tis]

burs      a pouch

-itis       inflammation

Inflammation of a bursa

calcaneal

[kal-key-nee-uh s]

calcan/e     heel bone

-al              pertaining to

Pertianing to the heel bone

carpal

[kahr-puh l]

carp     wrist

-al        pertaining to

Pertaining to the wrist bones.

cartilage

[kahr-tl-ij, kahrt-lij]

cartil      gristle

-age       related to

Specialized type of fibrous connective tissue found at the ends of bone

chondral

[kon-druh l]