Term
| are sequences of nucleotides at a specific location on chromosomes |
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Definition
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| is the process by which the characteristics are passed on to the offspring |
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Definition
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Term
is a unit of DNA that encodes information needed to produce proteins, cells, and entire organisms.
can be a few hundred to many thousands of nucleotides in length
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Term
| the location of a gene on a chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
| in the ordinary body cells of many organisms the chromosomes occur in |
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Definition
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Term
| How many chromosomes do human cells contain? |
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Definition
| 46 chromosomes , 23 pairs |
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Term
Humans have how many pairs of autosomes?
Humans have how many pairs of sex chromosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| these types of chromosomes carry the same kinds of genes for the same characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are genes for the same characteristic found on both homologous chromosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
Genes for a characteristic found on homologous chromosomes may not
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Definition
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Term
| alternative versions of genes found at the same gene locus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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If a mutation occurs in gametes(the cells that become sperm or eggs) what happens? |
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Definition
| then the mutation can be passed on from parent to offspring |
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Term
| If both homologous chromosomes carry the same allele(gene form) at a given gene locus, the organism is what at that locus? |
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Definition
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Term
| If two homologous chromosomes carry different alleles at a given locus, the organism is what at that locus? |
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Definition
| heterozygous also known as hybrid |
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Term
| Who discovered the principles of inheritance? |
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Definition
| Gregor Mendel, austrian monk in a monastery in the late 1800s |
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Term
| What did Mendel discover about the principles of inheritance? |
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Definition
Discovered patterns of inheritance and many essential facts about genes, alleles, and the distribution of alleles in gametes during sexual reproduction
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Term
| What did Mendel use to experiment on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Mendel using the edible pea plant for experimentation allow him to see? |
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Definition
| allowed him to see patterns in the way plant characteristics were inherited |
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Term
| Why did Mendel choose pea plants? |
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Definition
| Pea flower petals enclose both male and female flower parts and prevent entry of pollen from another pea plant |
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Term
| Because of pea plants structure they naturally self-fertilize; however, Mendel was about to cross-fertilize two different pea plants how did he do this? |
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Definition
| the female parts of the pea plant(carpels) were dusted with pollen from other selected plants |
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Term
| Pea plants thare are homozygous for a particular characteristic always produle the same |
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Definition
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Term
| If a plant is homozygous for purple flowers, it will produce offspring with what? |
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Definition
| it will always produce offspring with purple flowers |
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Term
| Plants that are homozygous for a characteristic are described as? |
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Definition
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Term
| is the mating of pollen and eggs from same or different parents |
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Definition
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Term
| The parents used in a cross are part of the what generation? |
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Definition
| the parental generation known as P |
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Term
| The offspring of the P generation are members of the what generation? |
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Definition
| the first filial generation known as F1 |
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Term
| True-breeding organisms have two copies of the ____ allele for a given gene and are _____ for that gene. Hybrid organisms have two _____ alleles for a given gene and are _____ for that gene. |
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Definition
| same, homozygous. different, heterozygous. |
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Term
| the particular combination of the two alleles carried by an individual is called |
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Definition
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Term
| the physical expression of the genotype is known as the |
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Definition
| phenotype (ex.purple of white flowers) |
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Term
| predicts offspring gynotypes and phenotypes from combinations of parental gametes |
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Definition
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Term
| is used to determine whether an organism with a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous |
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Definition
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Term
| What dictates the gender in mammals? |
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Definition
| mammals have a set of sex chromosomes |
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Term
| For organisms in which males are XY and females are XX, the sex chromosome carried by the ____ determines the sex of the offspring. |
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Definition
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Term
When the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate beteen the two homozygous phenotypes, the pattern of inheritance is |
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Definition
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Term
| Human hair is an example of incomplete dominance. It is influenced by a gene with two incompletely dominant alleles, ____ and ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| A person with two copies of the C1 allele has what type of hair? |
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Definition
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Term
| A person with two copies of the C2 allele has what type of hair? |
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Definition
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Term
| Heterozygotes with the C1 and C2 genotype has what type of hair? |
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Definition
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Term
| If two wavy-haird people have children, their children can have what type of hair? |
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Definition
| any of the three types curly, straight, or wavy |
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Term
| How many different gene alleles can an individual have? |
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Definition
| at most two different gene alleles |
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Term
| How many alleles can a species have for a given characteristic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Human blood type is an example of? |
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Definition
| a single gene having multiple alleles |
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Term
| Human blood types are A,B,AB, and O, how many alleles are there in this system and what are they? |
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Definition
| there are three, A,B, and O |
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Term
| What affects an organisms phenotype? |
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Definition
| the environment in which an organism lives |
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Term
Because males have only one X chromosome, they have no other allele to exert dominance over a sex-linked allele this results in
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Definition
| disease, consequently sex-linked diseases such as hemophilia often occurs more in males |
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Term
| the incorrect seperation of chromosomes in meiosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Nondisjunction causes gametes to have too ____ and too ____ chromosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most embryos that arise from fusion of gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers end up what? |
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Definition
| spontaneously abort, but some survive birth and live life |
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Term
| When afflicted individuals have three copies of chromosome 21 |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the distinctive physical characteristics of down syndrome? |
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Definition
| weak muscle town, a small mouth partially opened because it cannot accomodate the tongue, and distinctively shapped eyelids |
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Term
| What are the inner affects of down syndrome on the body? |
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Definition
| low resistance to infectious disease, heart malformations, and varying degrees of mental retardation |
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