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Details Title: Critical Listening 1 Description: Final Exam Review Total Flash Cards: 152 Created: 11/07/2006 12:40:39	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term flauto piccolo (fl. picc.) Definition piccolo Term corno inglese (c. ing.) Definition English horn Term fagotti (fag.) Definition basoon Term trombe Definition trumpet Term piatti Definition cymbals Term tamburo (tamb.) Definition snare drum Term tamburo piccolo Definition small snare drum Term cassa Definition bass drum Term largo e maestoso Definition very slow and majestic Term pesante Definition weighty, with emphasis Term colla parte Definition orchestra follows the soloist Term espressivo Definition expressive Term cadenza Definition improvised (or written-out) ornamental passage for soloist Term allegro non troppo Definition fast but not too much Term tacet. Definition be silent Term pizzicato (pizz.) Definition plucked (string instruments) Term arco Definition resume bowing (string instruments) Term poco a poco Definition little by little Term tranquillo Definition tranquil, calm Term pizzicato sempre Definition always/continuously plucked (string instruments) Term andantino Definition slightly faster than andante Term capriccioso, quasi recitando Definition capriciously, almost recitative-like Term dolce ed espressivo Definition sweet and expressive Term a tempo Definition return to tempo Term espressivo molto Definition very expressive Term a tempo giusto Definition return to a precise tempo Term poco piu mosso Definition a little more agitated/moved Term a piacere Definition at the performer's pleasure Term grazioso Definition graceful Term senza sordino Definition without a mute Term un poco piu anima Definition a little more animated Term piu tranquillo Definition more tranquil Term allegro molto Definition very fast Term molto moderato Definition very moderate tempo (slower than allegro) Term bouche Definition in horn playing, stopped horns Term con sordini Definition with mutes Term morendo Definition dying, fading away Term lunga Definition long Term con forza Definition with force Term risoluto Definition resolutely Term simile Definition continue in same manner Term vivace scherzando Definition lively, brisk, and playful Term poco stringendo Definition a little pressing (getting faster) Term subito Definition suddenly, quickly Term ad libitum colla parte Definition at the performer's pleasure Term allegro molto ed animate Definition very fast and animated Term tremolo (trem.) Definition quick, continuous reiteration of a single pitch Term ben tenuto Definition well-held Term spiccato assai Definition detached (but not as short as staccato) Term mano (m.) sinistra Definition left hand Term muta Definition change of instrument and/or tuning ("muta in G/d" for timpani means to change the timpani's tuning to G and d; "muta in flauto piccolo" in a flute part means to change to the piccolo) Term poco meno mosso Definition a little slower Term pocchissimo piu mosso Definition very little motion Term bon marcato e staccatissimo Definition well-marked and with extreme staccato Term sul D Definition play on D-string Term passionato Definition passionate Term come prima Definition to be performed as on the first playing Term allargando assai Definition very broadening, becoming slower, sometimes with crescendo Term frenetico Definition frenetic Term vivo Definition lively, brisk Term sons harmoniques Definition general class of pitches produced by sounding the second or some higher harmonic of a vibrating system such as a string Term non troppo Definition not too much Term spiritoso Definition spirit, spirited, usually in association with fast tempo Term sul ponticello Definition to bow at the bridge Term avec la baguette Definition with the stick of the bow of a stringed instrument OR with the drumstick Term Prelude a "L'apres-midi d'un faune" Definition Prelude to "The afternoon of a faun" (by Claude Debussy) Term hautbois Definition oboe Term cors a pistons en fa Definition horns Term altos (Fr.) Definition violas Term violoncelle Definition cello Term contrebasse Definition double bass Term tres modere Definition very moderate tempo Term doux et expressif Definition sweet, soft and expressive Term glissando Definition a continuous or sliding movement from one pitch to another Term sourdine Definition mute Term sur la touche Definition to bow over the fingerboard Term diminuendo (dim.) et retenu Definition becoming softer and held back Term otez vite les sourdines Definition remove mutes quickly Term toujours en animant Definition always/continuously animated Term changez en Si b Definition change to Bb (si is the French name for the English pitch "B") Term tres en dehors Definition very prominent or standing out Term piu Definition more Term mouvement Definition (movement) any self-contained and thus at least potentially independent section of a larger work Term meme mouvement et tres soutenu Definition same movement and very sustained Term Definition up bow (string instruments) Term Definition down bow (string instruments) Term mouvement du debut Definition same movement as the beginning Term un peu plus anime Definition a little more animated Term preparez le ton de Mi b Definition in harp playing, prepare (to set pedals in appropriate positions for coming passages) for Eb (Mi is the French name for the English pitch "E") Term accordez Definition tune Term dans le mouvement plus anime Definition in more animated movement Term cuivre Definition a harsh or brassy tone (esp. on the horn) Term avec plus de langueur Definition with more langour Term sans Definition without Term divises (div.) Definition divided Term tres lent et tres retenu jusqu'a la fin Definition very slow and very held back until the end Term nationalism Definition last 2/3 of Romantic period; composers tried to celebrate their countries; Russia is primary country Term The Russian Five Definition in St. Petersburg, Alexander Borodin, Modest Mussorgsky, and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov were the most well-known Term Scheherazade Definition Rimsky-Korsakov's most well-known piece; program music; based on "1,001 Nights" Term absolute music Definition no story being conveyed Term program music Definition conveys a story or concept Term stoccatissimo Definition light staccato Term Claude Debussy Definition 1867-1918; French; pianist; Paris conservatory; trained as Romantic; bohemian; Impressionistic; 3 style periods (more conservative toward death); "emancipated dissonance" Term Impressionism Definition in art, focused on precise color, fluidity... musical movement followed artistic movement... akin to symbolism in literature Term Mannheim orchestra Definition invented use of grand pause for dramatic effect Term Prix de Rome Definition won by Debussy; allowed 1 year's study in Rome for sole purpose of composing Term genre Definition group of like things (oratorio, lieder, etc.) Term composer course Definition course specifically on Beethoven, Haydn, etc. Term period course Definition course studying a specific period Term Common Practice Period Definition 1600-1900 (Baroque, Classical, Romantic); aka the Tonal Period Term symphony Definition multi-movement work for orchestra; each movement/piece is complete in and of itself Term concerto Definition multi-movement work for orchestra *w/ solo instruments*; Baroque period had solo concerto and concerto grosso (depending on # of solo instruments - concerto grosso had a solo group called a concertino: usually 2 violins) Term solo concerto Definition Baroque concerto with a solo instrument Term concerto grosso Definition Baroque concerto with a solo group called a concertino (usually made up of 2 violins) Term Baroque orchestra Definition no woodwinds/brass; continuo (accompaniment) - usually harpsichord; firm bass and florid treble; bass played continuo line with harpsichord Term counterpoint Definition horizontal music Term polyphony Definition writing in multiple parts Term homophony Definition vertical music Term cemballo Definition harpsichord Term Baroque trumpet Definition no valves - all done with mouth Term tasto solo Definition do not harmonize Term Definition C clef - alto or viola clef if middle line is C; tenor clef if line above that is C Term motif Definition section of melody thrown back and forth from part to part Term tutti Definition everone plays Term canon Definition written-out round - each part comes in on same melody on same pitch at different times Term unity and variety Definition the plot that holds the piece together; what one does to alter the plot Term Baroque period Definition 1600-1750 Term Classic period Definition 1750-1825; symphony, concerto, string quartet, sonata (all multi-movement works - normally 4, concertos 3); 1) fast 2) slow 3) dance/minuet 4) faster; Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven Term Romantic period Definition 1825-1900 Term Johann Sebastian Bach Definition worked in Leipzig, Germany at end of career; important to everything except opera; cantatas (weekly ~ 300); oratorios; Passions (events leading to Christ's crucifixion) Term fugue Definition different instruments repeat same melody on different pitches at different times Term Piccardi third Definition end in a major third (Baroque) Term Rondo form Definition 1st Rondo - ABA; 2nd Rondo - ABACA; 3rd Rondo - ABACADA Term Ludwig von Beethoven Definition 1770-1827; German; worked in Vienna, Austria; born in Bonn; alcoholic and musician father; brought to Vienna by Haydn; went deaf early; composed 32 piano sonata, 9 symphonies (3-Eroica 6-Pastorale 9-Choral) Term Beethoven's Symphony No. 8, Op. 93 Definition F Major Term stretto Definition squeeze Term Maelzel Definition Beethoven's contemporary, invented metronome Term sonatine Definition sonata form without development Term Schubert's Mass No. 6 Definition E-flat minor Term mass Definition sacred choral composition (not for everday service); text from Roman Catholic service Term proper Definition different every service Term ordinary Definition done in every service Term sung ordinary Definition Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus & Benedictus, Agnus Dei Term Latin Definition official language of Roman Catholic Church; 1962 decision that Mass could be said in vernacular Term Kyrie Definition 3 statements represent Holy Trinity; until 14th century, almost all music was subdivided into 3 beats/measure to represent Trinity) Term climax note Definition highest note in a phrase (focal point) Term agogic accent Definition accent of duration Term Franz Schubert Definition died of syphylus at age 31 Term miserere Definition mercy Term opera Definition sung theatre piece Term libretto Definition text for opera, word book (by a librettist) Term Rigoletto Definition Giuseppe Verdi opera; based on "Le roi s'amuse" (the King Amuses Himself) by Victor Hugo; made king into duke for censors; Count Monterone curses Duke & Rigoletto - Gilda will be compromised