Aphrodite of Knidos

Artist: Praxiteles      

Date: c. 350

Place: Vatican Museum, Rome

Medium: Marble. Roman, copy of probably bronze greek original

Comment: ideal female nude. Eternally youthful. Divine vs. Human; Synthesis of humanism, realism, idealism. Roman copy of greek original

Good example of the end of the classical greek style

Pericles

Artist: Unknown  

Date: c.450-425 bce

Place: Unknown

Medium: Roman copy in marble of Bronze original

Comment: Relates to similar sculptures of textual sources. Helmet signifies his role as a military general in the campaigns of the Peloponnesian war. 

Athenian general and statesman largely responsible for the full development of Athenian democracy and the Athenian empire.

Panathenaic Amphora

Artist: Euphiletos Painter

Date: 530 BCE

Place: ?

Medium: Terra cotta amphora

Comment: Olympics...victors were awarded amphora. 

Theater at Epidauros

Artist: PolyKleitos the Younger   

Date: c.350 BCE

Place: Epidauros, Greece

Medium: Mostly Marble

Comment: (relate to readings, plays) Dedicated to Aesclepius, god of medicine. Suggests that drama was related to the healing cults of ancient Greece.

Amphora Showing Ajax and Achilles Playing a Board Game

Artist: Exekias    

Date: c. 530 BCE      

Place: ?

Medium: Black Figure amphora

Comment: 

Amphora: "A two-handled jar with a narrow neck used by the ancient Greeks and Romans to carry wine or oil."

Kritios Boy

Artist: Unknown    

Date: c.480 BCE    

Place: Acropolis, Athens

Medium: Marble-NOT a Roman copy

Comment: Development of kouros (male youth sculpture). Bridges archaic to classical era. Contrappusto (lifelike accuracy ex. lips, ribs). Found at the Acropolis. 

Doryphoros

Artist: Polykleitos    

Date: c. 450-440 BCE

Place: ?

Medium: Roman copy (probably bronze Greek Original)

Comment: Polykleitos brought classical style to perfection with Doryphorus. "Ideal human proportions" qualities of ideal warrior athelete

Parthenon

Artist: Ictinus and Kallicrates  

Date: c.448-432 BCE

Place: Acropolis, Athens      

Medium: Pentelic Marble

Comment: Perfection of Greek Temple Typology. Dedicated to Athena Parthenos. Periclean Athens. Doric Order/Ionic features. Enduring symbol of Ancient Greece.

Athena Parthenos

Artist: Phidias  

Date: c. 447- 432 BCE    

Place: Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens

Medium: Ivory and gold over wood frame

Comment: Sponsor goddess of the City of Athens

"Parthenos": a virgin

1. a marriageable maiden
2. a woman who has never had sexual intercourse with a man
3. one's marriageable daughter

Parthenon Metope

(Lapith Overcoming a Centaur)

Artist: Phidias    

Date: 448-432 BCE

Place: Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens    

Medium: Pentelic Marble

Comment: Honored Athena (wisdom). democratic present. Relived the stark angularity of the post-and-lintel structure.Centaur (forces of barbarism) Celebrates victory of intellect over unbridled passion. 

Hall of Sculpture, Carnegie Museum of Art

Artist: Alden & Harlow      

Date:1893-1907    

Place: Pittsburgh

Medium: Mostly Pentelic Marble

Comment: Recreating materials and proportions of the Parthenon

Parthenon North Frieze

Artist: Phidias    

Date: c. 440 BCE

Place: Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens

Medium: Pentelic Marble

Comment: Scene from the Panathenaic Procession

The Panathenaea (Παναθήναια "all-Athenian festival") was the most important festival for Athens and one of the grandest in the entire ancient Greek world. Except for slaves, all inhabitants of the polis could take part in it. It was a festival dedicated to the patron goddess of Athens, Athena.

Erectheion

Artist: Mnesicles    

Date: c.425 BCE    

Place: Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens

Medium: Pentelic Marble

Comment: Panathenaic Procession;

Pericles, caryatids (6 female pillars) Built to accommodate the religious rituals of the Parthenon

Sarcophagus from Cerveteri

Artist: unknown    

Date: c. 520 BCE    

Place: Louvre, Paris, France

Medium: Painted terra cotta

Comment: made by Etruscans, predecessors of Romans, visually similar to Archaic Greek sculptures. Smiling almond-shaped eyes. 

Romulus and Remus

Artist: Unknown    

Date: 6th c. BCE,  13th c. CE

Place: Rome    

Medium: Bronze  

Comment: Mythical founders of Rome suckling on etruscan era wolf

Cincinnatus (Lucius Quictius Cincinnatus)

Artist: Unknown    

Date: 514-438 BCE    

Place: Cincinnati, Ohio

Medium: Bronze

Comment: This is a 20th c. sculpture of a 6th c.BCE Roman Republican figure. Hero of early Rome, model of civic virtue and simplicity. Farmer and dictator. 

Julius Caesar

Artist: Unknown    

Date: 1st. c. BCE  

Place: ?

Medium: Green schist

Comment: Realistic Roman portraiture; death = end of the Republic

Augustus Primaporta

Artist: Unknown

Date: c. 20 BCE    

Place: vilage of Prima Porta

Medium: Copy of probably Bronze original

Comment: Octavian becomes Augustus;

Pax Romana (era of peace & stability under his rule) Cupid & a dolphin at feet reminding of alleged divine descent from Venus.  

Maison Carree

Artist: ?    

Date: c. 20 BCE      

Place: Nimes, France

Medium: Marble

Comment: Ideal, influential example of Roman temple, compare with Parthenon

Arch of Titus

Artist: unknown    

Date: 81 CE    

Place: Forum, Rome

Medium: Marble

Comment: commemorates Roman victory in Jewish Wars, public works, urban design, classical orders

Trajan's Victory Column

Artist: Unknown    

Date: 113 CE      

Place: Forum, Rome

Medium: Marble

Comment: Part of a complex of libraries and markets. Commemorating Roman imperial victory over the Dacians

Roman Aristocrat Holding Portrait Bust

of His Ancestors

Artist: unknown  

Date: Late 1st c. BCE 

Place: ?

Medium: Marble

Comment: Realism, specificity of Roman portraiture

Dido and Aeneas

Artist: Henry Purcell      

Date:1688

Place: ?

Medium: Opera

Comment: Aeneas on way home from Troy romances, abandons Dido. She commits suicide 

Cicero

Artist: Unknown      

Date: 106-43 BCE      

Place: ?

Medium: Marble

Comment: Key work is important for his written works. Rhetorician, politician, martyr.

Tarquin and Lucretia

Artist: Titian      

Date: 1668  

Place: ?

Material: Oil on Canvas

Comment: Titian Painting only is key work. Remember sexy renaissance venice

Pantheon

Artist: Possibly Hadrian

Date: 118-25 CE

Place: Rome

Material: Concrete, marble columns

Comment: Temple for all of the gods; possibly designed by emperor architect, epitomizes Roman Empire. 

Antinous as Osiris

Artist: Unknown      

Date: c. 131 

Place: ?

Medium: Marble

Comment: Hadrian's favorite companion. Possibly Sexually. Controversial death in nile.

Combination of Egyptian, Greek and Roman influence. Signified Upper Egypt

House of the Vettii

Artist: Unknown    

Date: 63-79 CE

Place: Pompeii

Medium: brick, plaster, faux, finishes

Comment: Roman house in vacation resort. Court, dining couches, running water 

Bayeux Tapestry

Artist: ? 

Date: c. 1080 CE

Place: Bayeux, France

Medium: Wool embroidery on linen

Comments: Norman Conquest of England

p. 133

St. Gall Monastery

Date: 9th c CE

Place: Plan found in St. Gall, Switzerland

Material: Ink on vellum plan 

Comment: Monastic life under order of St. Benedict; self sufficiency. Preservation of classical learning. Floor plan and organization  manifested classic principals of symmetry and order. Plan for "ideal monastery" is a manuscript located in its library

Scivias

Artist: Hildegard of Bingen

Date: c. 1146 CE

Place: ?

Medium: Text and accompanying illuminated manuscript 

Comments: Hildigard's (Christian visionary) 1/3 writing's of visions (26 of them), includes play, Ordo Virtutum 

Ste.-Foy (Sainte Foy), Conques

Artist: Unknown

Date: c. 1120

Place: Conques, France

Material: Stone...

Comment: Pilgrimage church

Chartes Cathedral

Artist: ?

Date: 1194-and after

Place: Chartes, France

Medium: Gothic Architecture 

Comments: Quintessential Gothic cathedral. On the floor of CFA

Reliquary Effigy for Ste.-Foy

Artist: Unknown

Date: c. 1100

Place: Conques, France

Medium: Metal and gemstones

Comments: Object of veneration.

Madonna Enthroned

Artist: Cimabue

Date: 1280-90

Place: ?

Medium: Tempera and gold leaf on panel

Comment: Byzantine influenced medieval style. Came b/f Giotti's Madonna

Decameron

Artist: Boticelli (painter) Boccaccio (author)

Date: 1351 (text) 1487 (painting) 

Place: Outside Florence

Medium: Tempera on panel 

Comment: Painting of 1487 depicts scene from text of 1351. The "black death" plague. Signifies life in 14th century. 

Duomo of Florence: Santa Maria dei Fiore 

Artist: Arnolfo di Cambio, Filippo Brunelleschi

Date: 1294, 1418-36

Place: Florence

Medium: Brick, wood, marble, plaster

Comment: Medieval in appearance, Renaissance in inspiration, magnitude and some techniques

Madonna Enthroned

Artist: Giotto

Date: c. 1310

Place: ?

Medium: Tempera and gold on panel

Comment: Was a student of Cimabue, recreated Cimabue's painting using new techniques that led art into the Renaissance era

Last Supper

Artist: Leonardo da Vinci

Date:1495-8

Place: Milan (Santa Maria delle Grazie)

Material: Wall Fresco 

Lorenzo de' Medici

Artist: Andrea del Verroccio

Date: 1487

Place: Florence

Medium: Terra cotta

Comment: Renaissance patron, keen likeness, definitive family

Cité des Dames

Artist: Christine de Pisan

Date: c. 1410

Place:?

Medium: Illuminated manuscript 

Comment: Christine de Pisan is perhaps the first feminist author. She is probably not the illustrator of this image

Petrarch

Artist: Bargilla

Date: 1350 (texts) 1450 (painting) 

Place: Florence

Medium: Fresco

Comment: Note Petrarch's life/writings are more important than painting. "Father of Humanism" earliest Renaissance Humanist. Coined term "dark ages" Latin Manuscripts. 

Pico de Mirandola

Artist: Cristofano dell'Alitissimo

Date: 1493

Place: unknown

Material: Oil on panel

Comment: Pico's Oration on the Dignity of Man (manifesto of humanism. argued free will and perfectibility of individual)

1486 is the key issue

Baldassare Castiglione

Artist: Raphael

Date: 1514

Medium: Oil on panel

Comment: Emphasis on Book of the Courtier about the court of Urbino, also Raphael as Renaissance painting master

Donna di Dentro

Artist: Henrich Isaac

Date: 1510 

Medium: Frottola

Comment: Secular festival song by composer medici

Vetruvian Man

Artist: Leonardo da vinci

Date: 1490

Place: ?

Medium: Ink on Parchment

Comment: Vetruvius, Neoplatonism, Renaissance. Ideal/geometric proportions "golden ratio" Blend of art and science. 

Birth of Venus

Artist: Boticelli

Date: 1482

Material: Tempera on canvas

Comment: Earthly vs divine love. Classical work recreated

Tempietto (San Pietro in Montorio)

Artist: Bramante

Date: 1502

Place: Rome

Medium: Stone

Comment: Perfect High Renaissance temple 

St. Peter's

Artist: Bramante, Michelangelo, others

Date: 1507-1564+

Place: Rome

Medium:?

Comment: Replaces Old St. Peter's; definitive building of High Renaissance 

School of Athens

Artist: Raphael

Date: 1510-11

Place: Stanza della Segnatura, St. Peter's

Medium: fresco

Comment: Pope Julius II's revived Church surpasses and encompasses the glories of the ancients. Embodiment of classical spirit of the high renaissance

Villa Rotunda

Artist: Andrea Palladio

Gutenberg Bible

Artist: Johann Gutenberg

Erasmus of Rotterdam

Artist: Albrecht Dürer

Martin Luther

Artist: Lucas Cranach the Elder

A Mighty Fortress Is Our God

Artist: Martin Luther

'Armada' Portrait of Elizabeth I

Artist: George Gower

Date: c. 1588

Place: ?

Medium: Oil on canvas

Comment: More medieval than Renaissance 

As Vesta Was from Latmos Hill Descending

Artist: Thomas Weelkes

Pythagoras

Artist: n/a

Colosseum

Artist: unknown

p. 75

Dies Irae

Artist: Unknown

Date: c. 800

Place: ?

Medium: Gregorian chant

Comment: Monody, popularized under Charlemagne

Lancelot, Knight of the Cart

Artist: ?

Play of Herod

Artist: Unknown

Puis Qu'en Oubile

Artist: Guillaume de Machaut

Everyman

Artist: ?

Nuper Rosarum Flores

Artist: Guillaume Dufay

Abbey Church of St. Denis ambulatory

Artist: Abbot Suger: patron

Date: 1140

Place: St. Denis, France

Medium: Gothic Archetecture

Comment: Quintessential Gothic cathedral. Floor in CFA

Theater of Marcellus

Artist: Unknown

Date: 13 BCE

Place: Rome

Medium: Concrete, brick, travertine

Comment: Like colosseum structure but smaller, complex role of theater in life of rome, compare greece