Durkheim and Crime and Deviance

 See crime and devinace as somthing we have no control over

.There are 2 elements  of crime

.Crime increases during rapid of  social change

.  The way tolook at crime is to link it with social order thorugh rules and laws

. Criminal trails, punishment shows the rest of the society bounderies which promtes solidarity

.

prostitution is good

.  It keeps  the family institution functioning

 .Durkheim's view  suggests that crime is created by the society

.  He shows that crime is linked to social order and intergration

Marxists disagree about how crime is constructed

•   Not all social groups will have  the access to achieve common goals
• This means of achieving cultural goals e.g. higher education and top proffessions  
• Different groups will adapt to the means of achieving goals
•  He identifies 5 main adoptions that people would take
• Two of these are comformists and innovators
• Merton says that crime and deviance occur when unequal opportunity  to the means of achieving common social goals.
• e.g. Recession
• this refelcts the organic anology  where the society has to be based on social solidarity in order ofr it to function properly

Cohen (1955)

Strain theory

•  Agrees with Merton  that main stream value of success creats problems in our society  for the young people
•  He discoverd that deviant behvaiour of most young  deliquent groups  is not economically motivated e.g. vandalism
• His answer was that deliquent behaviour was caused by status frastration.
• These Deliquent groups are frastrated about how thier low status gives them  no respect
•  Therefore they create thier own subcutural groups   and creat thier own norms and values  which involves deviant activities

Intercationalism and Crime and deviance

Argue that social oder is being constructed

• No act is criminal or deviant unless it has been labelled by others
• This means that the criminal  and deviant behavior  is to do with social reaction to the act
•  He argues that social behaviour is socially constucted  by those in power.
• If a perosn is labelled as criminal or deviant will become thier Master status
• This may  exclude people from social activites e.g work 
• This exclusion from mainstream society will cause people to  join other deviant individuals  leading to more deviant lifestyle which may become a career.  

• Fails to explain why people commit the crime at the first place
•  It denies that people have anomie , the power to act
• It neglects  to look at power and social construction like functionalists do