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| Majority of the Muslims; believe successor of Muhammad can be an elected caliph. |
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| a mixed African-Arabic culture that developed along the east coast of Africa; also, the major language used in that area, combining Bantu with Arabic words and phrases |
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| a tax that a government places on certain imported products |
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| government headed by religious leaders or a leader regarded as a god |
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| Site in Beijing, China where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political rights in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. |
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| a river in Iraq, north and east of the Euphrates river |
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| any restriction that makes trade difficult or impossible |
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| a system in which tradition and custom control all economic activity; exists in only a few parts of the world today |
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| a government where power is concentrated in the hands of the central government. Regions or states may be given certain powers by the central government. |
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| pollution caused by contaminants from sewers, industries, farms, and homes which enter water sources. |
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| Leader of the Chinese Communists; gained massive support from peasants; ruled China from 1949 until his death in 1976 |
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| a worldwide Jewish movement that resulted in the establishment and development of the state of Israel |
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