Explain the cycle of communication and the meaning of interference and bypassing

Source (sender) encodes information → to channel (conversation/letter etc) → to receiver to decode information (understan) → to feedback (response)

Interference=noise bypassing=misunderstanding

Describe channels and noise

Channels: Telephone, email, memo, face to face

Channel Noise:  cellphone static, fax error messages, distractions, external disturbances

What are 3 important factors when selecting channels - describe

1. Clarity - degree to which msgs & meanings are received - clear, precise, understandable, long lasting (ex. charts, blueprints, letters, reports);
2. Time - may or may not be adequeate enough to encode and decode;
3. Feedback - immediate information source gets back with interpretation

What is the best transmission channel for the following requirements?

1. Immediate feedback
2. Clarity

1. Immediate = Face to face
2. Clarity = Written

Describe

Impersonal channels

 &

Direct personal channels

Impersonal channels

Bulletin board, memo, notice

 (for simple communication, no direct contact req'd)

Direct personal channels

Face to face (for complex communications)

Explain the Gangplank Principle

This is when people of the same or differnt level of hierarchy need to communicate without going through the chain of command and supervisors (lateral & diagonal communications)

ex. People from Purhasing Dept. communicating with people from the Acccounting Dept.

Describe MBWA & Grapevines

Give some examples of non verbal communicatins

Behaviors and actions such as body movements, facial expressions, office layout, appearance, tone, posture & dress

How is communication evaluated

93% of message is interpretted by nonverbal presentation and 7% by actual words (expression, inflection, posture)

Describe the 4 main types of non verbal language

1. Body language (eye contact, guestures, posture)
2. Proxemics (intimate, casual 1/2-4' arms length, social 4-12', public)
3. Object Language (pictures, desk clean, clothes, car, awards)
4. Paralanguage(voice, pitch, loudness, speed, accents, emphasis)

Give Examples of Organizational Barriers

• Hieracial levels (too many = distortion)
• Manager authority (impedes open communication)
• Specialization of functions (jealousy, importance of position)
• Distance (far away not as good as close)
• Time (not enough)
• Info overload (distraction, priorities) / Info underload(formal info not shared)

Give Examples of Interpersonal Barriers

• Stereotyping
• Status
• Noise
• Poor listening
• Language & culture
• Semantics
• Bad communiction channels

Describe Personal Barriers

• Education
• Background
• Experience
• Psychosocial(background, values, expectations,needs)
• Perceptual (based on personal views)

When making an introduction - who do you mention 1st?

Person of lesser position is introduced first (ex. Julie (my assistant) this is John (a partner in the company) if equal, person who is older is introduced 1st.

Define Culture

Culture is a shared system of beliefs, symbols, attitudes, values, expectations and norms of behavior

What are the 4 types of cultural differences

1. Contextual
2. Legal & Ethical
3. Social
4. Non-verbal

Explain contextual cultural differences

Patterns of physical cues, environmental stimuli, understandings that convey meanings

Ex of high contex cultre is Japan 

(Ex. implement use of nonverbal guestures & tones, time & attention to detail)

Ex of low context culture is the U.S.

(Ex. avoidance of conflict, all about US, very verbal, love to debate, like to outline rules & expectations in statements)

Explain legal & ethical differences in cultural context

Legal Ex. (Bribes are normal in business in some places but highly illegal in others)

Ethical Ex. (Low context cultures rely on written contracts and high context can rely on a handshake)

What are factors of Social differences

• Materialism (some judge by ones possessions, some condemn)
• Roles & status (women, titles)
• Manners (interpreted differently)
• Time (some people are schedule wary or interpersonal connected)

Ethnocentrism

This refers to judgement of others based on ones own standards, behaviors, customs and a feeling of being superior

What does the Electronic Communications Privacy Act protect?

Emails that are "In transit" These communciations are not owned by the Company until received