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Details Title: COURT CASES Description: some court cases Total Flash Cards: 20 Created: 09/26/2006 19:35:45	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Griswold v. Connecticut Definition -1965 -Right to privacy was established although it isn’t explicitly stated in the Bill of Rights -Connecticut had a law which prohibited the use of oral contraceptives Term Roe v. Wade Definition -1973 -Legalized first trimester abortions -Struck down antiabortion laws in many states -Involved the right of Privacy Term Barron v. Baltimore Definition -The Bill of Rights only applies to the federal government -Involved a wealthy wharf owner in Baltimore harbor -Cited the Fifth Amendment -Some believe the decision was too broad Term McCulloch v. Maryland Definition -1819 -Created the second national bank after the first one folded -Deals with the dispersion of power between state and central government Term Miranda v. Arizona Definition -1966 -Under the Due Process of Law Clause -Reversed plaintiff's kidnap and rape charges because he was not told he had the right to a lawyer Term Near v. Minnesota Definition -1931 -Freedom of Press -A Minnesota law that targeted “scandalous” and “malicious” newspapers was declared unconstitutional Term Engel v. Vitale Definition -An official school prayer is declared unconstitutional Term Schenck v. United States Definition -1919 -Freedom of speech is allowed unless it provides clear and present danger -this ruling was later abused and limited as a result of the abuses Term Gitlow v. New York Definition -Begins the reversal of Barron v. Baltimore -This precedent led to the Supreme Court generally accepting that the Bill of Rights applies to state as well as federal government -Also more clearly defined the “clear and present danger” test -Dealt with Red Scare era Term Mapp v. Ohio Definition -1961 -Dealt with the exclusionary rule (4th Amendment) - convictions of pornography law violations were overturned because the police entered her boarding house without a warrant Term Gideon v. Wainwright Definition -1963 -claimed he was denied his request for free counsel -Supreme Court cited a violation of the 14th Amendment -Further extended Bill of Rights to state governments Term NY Times v. United States Definition -“Pentagon Papers Case” -Nixon administration tried to prevent publication of information regarding U.S. activity during the Vietnam War -The Court ruled that the papers could be published Term NY Times v. Sullivan Definition -1964 -Established malice standard before press reports could be claimed as libel -Allowed free reporting of civil rights campaigns in the United States Term Locke v. Davey Definition -Supreme Court upheld the state of Washington’s decision to withdraw a publicly funded scholarship when the student decided to pursue religious studies Term Employment Division (Oregon) v. Smith Definition -1990 -States can fire employees for the use of Peyote -States are not required to accommodate illegal religious practices, although they may do so if they choose Term Slaughterhouse Cases Definition -1873 -Tested the newly passed 14th amendment -Involved a dispute over a centralized slaughterhouse corporation in New Orleans -The 14th Amendment does not protect the privileges and immunities of state citizenship, only national citizenship Term Lemon v. Kurtzman Definition -cannot give gov’t money to church things -the lemon test Term Gibbons v. Ogden Definition - power to regulate interstate navigation was reserved to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the Constitution. Term United States v. Lopez Definition - was the first United States Supreme Court case since the Great Depression to set limits to Congress's power under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. Term Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority Definition -minimum wage