Term
| Which two species are gram(+), non-spore forming rods? |
|
Definition
* Corynebacterium diphtheriae
* Listeria monocytogenes
pediatric patients are susceptable |
|
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Term
| What does Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause? |
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Definition
| Diphtheria. Bacteria colonize the pharynx, form pseudomembrane (fibrin, leukocytes, necrotic epithelial cells, bacteria), exotoxin damages heart and neural cells |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. Antitoxin
2. Penicillin or erythromycin
3. DPT vaccine |
|
|
Term
| How does corynebacterium diphtheriae exotoxins harm humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do you culture Corynebacterium diphtheriae? |
|
Definition
* potassium tellurite agar: gray/black in 24 hrs
* Loeffler's coagulated blood serum: with methylene blue, rod-shaped pleomorphic rods in 12 hrs |
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|
Term
| What are other corynebacterium called? How to treat the infection? |
|
Definition
* diphtheroids
* IV vancomycin (diphtheroids are antibiotics-resistant) |
|
|
Term
| What causes upper lobe lung nodules and cavities that form AIR-FLUID LEVELs? |
|
Definition
| Rhodococcus equi (diphtheroid): gram(+), aerobic, nonmotile, long and curved rod |
|
|
Term
| Which bacteria is non-spore forming gram(+) rod, facultatively anaerobic, and grows at low temperatures (4-10C)? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which three patient groups are susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes infection? |
|
Definition
* pregnant women
* neonates (< 3 m.o.)
* elderly/immunocompromised |
|
|
Term
| Which virulence factor enables Listeria monocytogenes to be a facultative intracellular organism? |
|
Definition
| listeriolysin O. Escapes the phagolysosomes of macrophages and avoids intracellular killing. |
|
|
Term
| Which two groups of antibiotics can treat Listeria monocytogenes (meningitis)? |
|
Definition
* ampicillin
* trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole |
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