Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 5 basic worldview assumptions SHARED by Jews and Gentiles: |
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Definition
1. Reality = Physical AND spiritual realms
2. Spiritual is AS REAL as physical.
3. Spiritual INTERSECT/INTERACTS with physical.
4. Spiritual INFLUENCES/CONTROLS physical.
5. No distinction between religious (sacred) and non-religious (secular) |
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Term
| What is the nature of God for Jews? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the nature of the world for Jews? |
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Definition
Earthly Realm
Heavenly Realm |
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Term
| What are the four parts of the spiritual realm for Jews? |
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Definition
Angels (Angeloi)
Demons (Daemones)
Powers (Dynameis)
Principalities/Rulers (Archaial) |
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Term
| What is the nature of humanity according to Jews? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
General Revelation (Creation)
Special Revelation (Scriptures) - Torah |
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Term
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Definition
| Love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength. (Deut 6:5) |
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Term
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Definition
In charge of the temple.
Did not believe in the resurrection of the body/spiritual side of life.
Stayed true to God by keeping the feasts |
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Term
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Definition
In charge of the Synagogue
The rabbinic group (theologans)
"95 Categories of labor" - Law!
Believed in the spiritual side of life. |
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Term
| What was the nature of God to a Gentile? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Gentile worldview assumption about the world? |
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Definition
| Both earthly and heavenly realms |
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Term
| What was the Gentile's worldview assumption about humanity? |
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Definition
| At the mercy of deities and spiritual beings. |
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Term
| How did the Gentiles KNOW? |
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Definition
Mythic Literature
Mystery Religions |
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Term
| What was Jesus' basic message? |
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Definition
| Proclaiming the word of God |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronological measurement of time |
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Term
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Definition
| Time (as in significance) |
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Term
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Definition
| Rule, reign, kingship, sovereignty |
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Term
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Definition
| "Repent" - change your mind |
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Term
| What did Jesus do in his ministry before the cross? |
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Definition
| Proclaimed and demonstrated the Kingdom of God to people |
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Definition
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Definition
| Jesus on the cross; a cosmic showdown |
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Definition
Jesus conquered the powers of darkness
Jesus rescued/redeemed people from the kingdom of darkness |
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Term
| What will Jesus fully defeat when he returns? |
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Definition
| Rulers, Authorities, Powers of this dark world, spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Greek word for "authorities" |
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Definition
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Term
| Greek word for "powers of this dark world" |
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Definition
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Term
| Greek word for "dominion/rule" |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the touchstone upon which Christianity depends? |
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Definition
| The resurrection of Christ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What were the two touchstone events? |
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Definition
The Temple Event (Jesus says he is YWH - either he is telling the truth, lying, or insane)
The Sepulcher Event (Empty Tomb) |
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Term
| What were Jesus' promises/points of the Great Commission? |
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Definition
1. Promises to build the church through his followers
2. Entrusts the well-being of the kingdom to his followers
3. Promises to grant them supernatural authority
4. Promises to be with them always
5. Commands them to scatter and make disciples of all nations
6. Baptize in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit
7. Commands them to teach |
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Term
| In a Christian worldview, what is the nature of God? |
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Definition
| God is both immanent and transcendent. |
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Term
| In a Christian worldview, what is the nature of the world? |
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Definition
| The world is real and was crated perfect by God but corrupted by sin. The world is waiting for redemption |
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Term
| In a Christian worldview, what is the nature of humanity? |
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Definition
| Stamped with the image of God, created by God, but touched by sin so there is a need for redemption. |
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Term
| How do Christians KNOW their reality? (4 ways) |
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Definition
1. The created order (empiricism)
2. Through the scriptures (authority)
3. Through the work of the Holy Spirit (intuitionism)
4. Through the human condition (innateism) |
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Term
| How do Christians act in response to their worldview? |
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Definition
| They are to be witnesses: love God and love others as themselves. |
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Term
| What is the book of Acts about? (6 things) |
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Definition
1. Birth of the Church
2. Beginning of persecution
3. Acts of Peter and inclusion of Gentiles
4. Antioch becomes a missionary church
5. Aegean shores evangelized
6. How Paul realized his hope of visiting Rome |
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Term
| What were 5 characteristics of the early church? |
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Definition
1. Performance of miracles
2. Allocation of shared resources
3. Development of Church Organization
4. A challenge to the status quo
5. The Church Catholic - a universal gospel |
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Term
| Why was the first sermon significant? |
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Definition
| Took place during the Feast of Weeks (harvest time!) Described Jewish heritage and Christ |
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Term
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Definition
| Feast of Weeks (harvest & God giving Torah to Moses) |
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Term
| Who was the first to spread the gospel to Africans? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who had a dream telling to share the gospel with the Gentlies and the Helenistic world? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first Christian martyr? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were 5 purposes of the church? |
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Definition
1. To facilitate holy worship
2. To instruct Christians in the application of correct teaching to their daily lives
3. To encourage and support believers through fellowship and sharing of burdens
4. To serve those in need
5. To guard against threats to the purity of the church. |
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Term
| What are forces of Christianity (4) |
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Definition
1. A reactionary force
2. A stabilizing force
3. A progressive force (future is better than present)
4. A radical force (revolutionary change) |
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Term
| Why are there so many different perspectives on Christianity and culture? |
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Definition
1. The source: scripture
2. The recipients - imbedded in their cultures |
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Term
| What relevance do ideas from the thinkers of the early centuries have to today? (3) |
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Definition
1. The Holy Spirit has a history
2. They immersed themselves in reading, speaking, and applying scripture.
3. They were closer to the teachings of the early church. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Christian apologist from 105 CE - 165 CE |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Someone who systematically defends their religion |
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Term
| What is the effect of logos on pagans? |
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Definition
| Pagans have partial knowledge because of the seeds of truth in logos |
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Term
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Definition
| 145 - 202, A missionary, converted in Leon, France. He challenged the Gnostics |
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Term
| What was Iraneus' three stages of Christian theology? |
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Definition
1. Christ is co-creator. Creation is the first step; moral code imbedded in humans.
2. Second stage: History of the Jewish people and laws
3. God became human in the flesh |
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Term
| What were Irenaeus' Conclusions? (6) |
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Definition
1. All people have received revelation from God
2. God has revealed himself in different ways at different times.
3. This revelation was sufficient for salvation if humans accept it.
4. There is no final salvation without Christ.
5. "Righteous pagans" will be judged on basis of what they did with the revelation they received. |
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Term
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Definition
| Discussed Christians learning from pagan sources |
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Term
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Definition
| A revelation God gave to the Greeks like he gave the law to the Jews |
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Term
| Clement of Alexandria's conclusions (5) |
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Definition
1. God provided different types of revelation for different people.
2. Other religions contain both truth and error
3. Other religions worship the same God.
4. Other religions are permitted by God.
5. They serve didactic purposes for Christians. |
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Term
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Definition
| 105-253 CE He wrote over 1200 manuscripts. He said non-Christians can be dangerous and lead to heresy and you should be a mature Christian before studying them. |
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Term
| What was Origen's answer to the question "Why do people differ so much?" |
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Definition
His answer: God built controlling principles into the universe (4 principles)
1. Freedom
2. Justice
3. Providence
4. Evil |
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Term
| What were Origin's conclusions (3) |
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Definition
1. Other religions - if one is careful - can help mature Christians.
2. Other religions exist for spiritual reasons.
3. Other religions are a mixed bag but contain some truth. |
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Term
| What are the implications for us from early Christian thinkers? |
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Definition
1. Study of early theologians should change the way we think about other religions.
2. Other religions are spiritual entities, not our enemies.
3. Our response should be witness vs argument
4. They remind us to be humble
5. Christians have much in common with non-Christian religions
6. They may help us see Christ differently
7. God can use other religions to improve the church
8. But, new Christians should be careful
9. Other religions are not the way to the triune God and salvation
10. But, other religions can enlarge our view of God |
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Term
| What are some things Christianity has in common with non-Christian religions? |
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Definition
1. Final Reality is spiritual
2. God is moral
3. God created the world
4. God will judge us based on the standards embedded in creation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The emperor who divides power of Rome to create unity. Very bad persecution under him. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a deputy ruler, wanted to unify all of the empire under himself only. |
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Term
| Battle of the Milvian Bridge |
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Definition
| Constantine's army beat the other army and unified Rome - he thought Christianity helped him do this. |
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Term
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Definition
| Legalized Christianity and protected Christians |
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Term
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Definition
| Born in Thagaste to Patricius and Monica |
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Term
| What were St. Augustine's four stages to Christianity? |
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Definition
1. The Quest for Wisdom: finding out facts
2. Manichen Phase
3. Neo-Platonism and St. Ambrose
4. Embracing the Christian faith |
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Term
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Definition
| Two things: good and evil - fighting for supremacy. The material environment was bad - they would not work the land, eat much, have many possessions, or have sex. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evil is the absence of good. |
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Term
| What was St. Augustine's biggest personal struggle? |
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Definition
| He couldn't control his emotions or passions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Who became the bishop of Hippo? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did St. Augustine define the nature of God? |
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Definition
| God is beyond understanding yet knowable. Both transcendant and immanent. Matter cannot be evil in and of itself. God is the soverign God in charge of history. |
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Term
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Definition
| Donatism was a contemporary movement with Augustine that would not let people back in the church once they had renounced Christ in the face of persecution |
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Term
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Definition
| Their notion of evil did not take in the full effect of human evilness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Claimed people are the ones who do the work to get to Christianity - completely by free will. Augustine spoke out against them saying God had sovereignty over everything. |
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Term
| St. Augustine's "The Sensible World' |
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Definition
| The created world can't be inherently evil. This world is known by the five human senses. |
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Term
| St. Augustine's "The Intelligible World" |
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Definition
| Where truth dwells - known by the mind and powered by God |
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Term
| The City of Man vs The City of God |
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Definition
| In this book, Augustine says in the pysical world there is always a struggle between those who seek God and those who only want what the world gives him. |
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Term
| St. Augustine's views on humanity |
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Definition
| Humans are going to do wrong because they are drawn to it. Hunger is corrupted by gluttony, sex is corrupted by lust, success is corrupted by pride. The soul is a source endowed with reason and fitted to rule a body. VERY REAL. The soul is preeminent |
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Term
| According to St. Augustine, how do we know what is real? (4) |
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Definition
1. Study Scripture (Authority)
2. Study the Sensible World (Empiricism)
3. Study what is written on our hearts (Innateism)
4. The role of Non-Christian thinkers and ideas |
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Term
| Ordered vs Disordered Love |
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Definition
Ordered Love: Pursue learning as the gateway to understanding more about God so you can come closer to the Truths
2. Disordered Love: Pursuing something for its own end. |
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Term
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Definition
| Try for justice, try for peace. No reckless violence. The motive for war must always be love. One side must be just, the other unjust. |
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Term
| What did Constantine and Licinius mandate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were 4 consequences of the growth/legalization of Christianity? |
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Definition
1. Decline in Standards
2. Casual commitment to the faith
3. More Clergy = Lower Quality
4. "Religious" vs personal...it was formal, not internal and personal |
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Term
| What was the cause of monasticism? |
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Definition
| Because of the legalization of Christianity, people were becoming lax in their standards. They wanted to keep the way pure. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who lives alone and apart from society for religious reasons |
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Term
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Definition
| Fought the devil, wanted to abandon the world and find God, he memorized nearly all of the New Testament. |
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Term
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Definition
| Communities made op of cenobites, persons who are members of a religious order usually attached to a monestary or convent. |
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Term
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Definition
| Became an Anchorite, created a list of standards/rules for the community |
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Term
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Definition
| A monk in Italy who preached against the local Bishop. He started a monastic community in Bethlehem. He translated the Bible to Latin |
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Term
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Definition
| The Bible translated to Latin by St. Jerome |
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Term
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Definition
| A book written by St Benedict, included the Moderate Rule (Have a blanket and pillow, could eat twice a day) |
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Term
| Characteristics of a monastic community (5) |
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Definition
1. Permanence
2. Obedience
3. Discipline
4. Work
5. Divine Office (Worship 8 times a day) |
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Term
| Top 3 virtues of a monastic community |
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Definition
| Obedience, Humility, Silence |
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Term
| What was the influence of monasteries? |
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Definition
1. Carriers of Culture
2. Economic Impact
3. Performing services: Libraries, schools, hospitals, hotels, pharmacies |
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Term
| Monasticism: How do they KNOW their reality (Epistemology) |
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Definition
Authority ... based knowledge
Experience/Intuitive (So much time alone with God for thinking) |
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Term
| According to monasticism, how do humans act in response to reality? |
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Definition
| Flee the corrupting influence of the world |
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Term
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Definition
| from Greek term "kanon" meaning "rule" or "standard" |
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Term
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Definition
| Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament) |
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Term
| Why was the Formal Cannon (Old Testament) accepted by early Christians? |
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Definition
| Jesus referred to the law & prophets and he quoted the psalms. It contains promises of God's redemption and shows God's faithfulness to a persecuted minority. |
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Term
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Definition
| Oral & Written (New Testament Writings |
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Term
| To whom were the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John written? |
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Definition
Matthew: Jews
Mark: Gentiles
Luke: Greek/Gentile named "Theophilus"
John: Greek/Gentile and Jewish |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What was the purpose of the letters of the New testament? |
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Definition
1. To instruct in the Christian faith
2. To exhort and encourage persecuted Christians
3. To defend the Christian faith (from apostasy, corruption, and heresy) |
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Term
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Definition
| Two Gods: Old Testament (Creator) and New Testament (Love). He rejected the Old Testament and kept only parts of the New Testament. He was excommunicated but had a huge following. |
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Term
| Criteria of canonicity (3) |
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Definition
1. Apoltolic authority
2. Orthodoxy (straight teaching)
3. Catholicity - useful for everyone |
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Term
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Definition
| From Greek word meaning "choosing" or "faction" A heresy is a position taken by someone in the church that eventually is deemed threatening to the gospel. |
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Term
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Definition
From Greek term "gnosis" meaning "knowledge"
- 2 Gods: Supreme unknowable being, and Demiurge
- GNOSTICS SAY JESUS WAS NOT HUMAN |
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Term
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Definition
| Gnosticism: "Creator God" - fallen creator and ruler of material (evil world) |
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Term
| The types of people in gnosticism |
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Definition
Physical/material (sarkikor) (most humans)
Soulish (psychikoi)
Spiritual (pmeumatikoi) |
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Term
| What is the nature of God, the World, and Humanity according to gnostics? |
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Definition
God: Divine being & demiurge
World: Material reality is evil, spiritual is good
Humanity: physical, earthly, soulish |
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Term
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Definition
Special divine element given to "spiritual" people
Secret esoteric knowledge (gnosis) for leaders
Rescue the divine spark and spiritual form
Bring them to divine being
- Reject the evil world, seek spiritual through special rites. |
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Term
| What heresy did The Apostle's Creed refute? How? |
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Definition
| Gnosticism. By saying things about the resurrection, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| From latin "credo" meaning "I believe" A statement of faith, a concise, formal, and authorized statement of important points of Christian doctrine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Problem with the trinity. (Wanted to preserve oneness of God) They say Jesus was NOT God. He was the only direct creation of God. |
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Term
| What is the nature of God, The world, and Humans to Arians? |
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Definition
God: One - exalted above creation
The World: Created by son of God
Humanity: Created by son of God who deserves our honor but not worship. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Council of Nicea in 325 called by Constantine. The NICENE Creed - stated the deity of Jesus. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Christ & Culture get along - liberal Protestantism |
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Term
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Definition
| Christ uses the products of culture to bring people to him. |
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Term
| Christ and culture in paradox |
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Definition
| Humanity is evil, Christians are to be "salt and light" but there will be no true transformation until after judgement. |
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Term
| Christ the Transformer of culture |
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Definition
| similar to dualists (humanity = evil) but culture is transformable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Right doctrine, right belief |
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Term
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Definition
| Right practice, right traditions |
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Term
| 5 things about Celtic society |
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Definition
1. Men: short beards, long moustaches
2. Organized themselves into small local tribes
3. Ruled by local kings and chieftains
4. Highly militaristic
5. Women were great warriors as wel |
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Term
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Definition
"Druids" - priests
Magic rituals
Human sacrifices
Strong death motif
Polytheistic |
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Term
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Definition
Centralized government - hierarchy
Chain of command military structure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Results of Hadrian's wall |
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Definition
Establishment of Roman society in southern Britain
Isolation of Celtic peoples (Scotland and Wales) |
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Term
| Roman Christian's worldview (God/Nature/Humanity) |
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Definition
God: One - transcendence of God
World: Created good yet corrupted
Humanity: Created good, yet fallen |
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Term
| How do Roman Christians KNOW? How should they act in response? |
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Definition
Scriptures, formal creeds, sacraments
In response: be baptized, submit to church authority, experience God in the sacraments |
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Term
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Definition
| The military model: Formal, centralized, monastic communities (Cenobitic) - absolute authority of abbot |
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Term
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Definition
Tonsure: Crown (hair cut from ear to ear)
Baptism: Water on them 3X
Dating of Easter: Pagan calendar |
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Term
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Definition
| Born in Roman Britain, kidnapped by Irish, returned to Britain, then returned to Ireland after receiving a Vision and Voices. He became Bishop of Ireland. Christ transforming Culture |
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Term
| Celtic vs Christian Worldview (Nature of God, world, & humanity) |
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Definition
Celtic: Many "deities", World inhabited by God, humanity controlled by gods.
Christian: One triune God (+demons), God is immanent, Christ redeems humanity |
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Term
| Celtic vs Christian views on how we KNOW |
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Definition
Celtic: We know through nature
Christian: Nature, Scriptures, God in the ordinary |
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Term
| Celtic vs Christian: How we RESPOND to what we know |
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Definition
Celtic: Magic Rituals/sacrifices
Christian: Be baptized into Christ, informal prayer, Meditation, experience God in the ordinary. |
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Term
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Definition
| Informal, Monastic communities: primacy of abbot (v bishop), Eremitic (solitary), mixd gender communities of equals. |
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Term
| Celtic Christian Traditions |
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Definition
Local customs
Druidic priesthood
Non-marriage
Tonsure (hair) druidic - ear to ear
Baptism: one time
Dating of Easter: traditional tables |
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Term
| Patrick's enduring legacy |
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Definition
1. Vital spirituality
2. Scholarship
3. Ends slavery
4. Zeal for missions and evangelism |
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Term
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Definition
Roman: Formal creeds, oneness of God, God's transcendence, Emphasis on Fall, Redemption: saved FROM the world, dualistic, God in sacraments
Celtic: Informal prayers, triune nature of God, God's immanence, created world, redemption is RESTORATION of the world, holistic, God in the ordinary |
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Term
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Definition
Roman: part of Roman Empire, Formal military model primacy of bishop, Monastic
Celtic: informal, primacy of abbot, eremitic monasticism (solidarity, mixed gender) |
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Term
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Definition
| Called by King Oswy of Northumbria, convened at Whitby Abbey. Issue of the dates of Easter. Romans win - Easter coincides with pagan holiday. (agreed with Peter not John) |
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