Term
LIBERAL- FUNDAMENTALIST CONTROVERSY
The development of liberal theology |
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Definition
The problem- Christian WV risks becoming irrelevant to modern culture
SOLUTION- ACCOMODATION (Christ of Culture)
New ideas about nature and teaching of the Bible
-adapt/revise message
-need to modernize the gospel
Development of 'Higher Criticism'- critical study of the Bible
Goal: reason (vs. revelation)
*interpret Bible free from doctrine or confessional theology
*new understanding of nature of God |
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Term
| 5 Basic Tenets of Liberal Theology |
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Definition
1. FLAWED ACCOUNT (scientific and historical errors in text)
2. PURE, BENEVOLENT GOODNESS OF GOD: reject OT portrayal, emphasize God's love, minimize God's holiness, not wrath, judgement or hell
3. BASIC GOODNESS OF HUMANITY: optimistic view of human nature- stress human progress, sin- result of social forces
4. SAVING EXAMPLE OF JESUS: MORAL -historical Jesus (vs. Christ of doctrine) - moral example (vs. atoning sacrifice)
5. CHRISTIANITY AS ONE ASPECT OF GOD'S TRUTH - not the sole but the best way |
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Term
| IMPACTS OF LIBERAL THEOLOGY |
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Definition
* culture
* universities/seminaries
* church/denominations
* individual Christians |
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Term
| Development of CONSERVATIVE (fundamentalist) THEOLOGY |
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Definition
The problem:
-Liberal accommodations to modern culture threaten existence of Protestantism
-A sell-out of true Christian faith
-Not Christianity, but atheism
THE SOLUTION: DEFEND the bible against attacks from liberal (modernists) theologians
Does God speak-Yes! |
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Term
FUNDAMENTALIST THEOLOGY
2 New Conservative doctrines |
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Definition
1) Inerrancy doctrine: A. A. Hodge (1823-1886) and B.B. Warfield
Biblical inerrancy: The text of original manuscript, as inspired by God, is absolutely free of errors in all matters (including science and history)
2) Verbal inspiration: Every word inspired by God |
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Term
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Definition
1) Inerrancy of Bible
2) Virgin Birth and diety of Christ
3) Substitutionary atonement
4) Christ's physical resurrection
5) Miracles
in 1927 these were no longer binding for presbyterians |
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Term
LIBERALISM vs. FUNDAMENTALISM
THE BATTLES |
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Definition
BATTLES IN THE CHURCH: LIBERAL VS. FUNDAMENTAL
CULTURE WARS: The Scopes Monkey Trial: John Scopes and the“Butler bill” (January 1925)
$100-500 dollar fine. ACLU offers payment for test case. Teacher John Scopes (Dayton TN) violates statute
Clarence Darrow: High profile, Agnostic, Defender of radicals, Foe of fundamentalist, articulate.
William Jennings Bryan: High profile, formers presidential candidate 3x, former us secretary of state, staunch fundamentalist, inarticulate.
The Trial
Media event (over 100 reporters)
Crowded courtroom
Had to move outside
Scopes is found guilty and given $100 fine.
-Scopes defense lost
-Cultural battle won |
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Term
| IMPACT OF THE SCOPES MONKEY TRIAL |
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Definition
Impact:
For Presbyterians
-1927- five fundamentals no longer binding for ministerial candidates
-1929 -J. Gresham Machen and other fundamentalists found Westminster seminary
-1936- Fundamentalist Presbyterians leave to found ‘Orthodox Presbyterian Church’
For protestants in general:
-theological fragmentation |
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Term
THE CHARISMATIC-CESSATIONIST CONTROVERSY
Should Christians today expect to experience the same gifts of the Spirit (such as tongues, healing, prophecy, miracles) as evidenced in the early Christian movement? Does God still work in these ways, or have these gifts ceased to operate after the Apostolic Church period?
Charismatic & Cessationist views |
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Definition
· ‘Charismatic’ theology: Yes!
· ‘Cessationist’ theology: No!
· Issue becomes divisive in the 20th century. |
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Term
| The Development of Charismatic Theology |
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Definition
Affirms all the gifts of the spirit as valid today
Follow the way of love, and eagerly desire spiritual gifts (charismata)
Charismata = gifts of grace
Historic Support:
Justin Martyr
Irenaeus
Tertullian
Augustine
Pope Gregory the Great
St. Francis of Assisi
Martin Luther
John Wesley |
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Term
The Emergence of Pentecostalism
Wm. Seymour & “The Azusa Street Revival” (1906): |
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Definition
Key points of Pentecostal teaching:
-Need for second experience after conversion
-Tongues-initial evidence
Azusa Street Revival
April 9 Edward Lee receives tongues and meetings grow
More and more people come and they have to move to azusa street.
Azusa Street meetings
10:00am to 3:00am
Phenomena:
-tongues
-Slain in the spirit
-trances
-jumping, shouting, crying out
By September 1906-13,000 receive tongues
The beginning of Pentecostal movement |
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Term
| Key impact of Pentecostalism (Charismatic traditions) |
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Definition
-Experiential, supernatural Christianity (v. rational)
-Influence in mainline churches in 1960-70s
-Presbyterians,Catholic, Lutheran..and others
-Influence in evangelical churches from 1980s-
Fastest growing Christian movement in the world:
-North America: 11-30 million
-Worldwide: 500 million
-Growing 40,000+ per day (especially in 3rd world) |
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Term
| The Development of ‘Cessationist’ Theology |
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Definition
Point of origin: Fundamentalist, dispensationalist
Cessation = to cease
Denies the validity and operation of certain ‘Gifts of the Spirit’ today
Reaction against:
-Pentecostal
-charismatic (mainline)
-Third Wave
Key Proponents:
B.B.Warfield (1851-1921)- Princeton Theological Seminary
Counterfeit Miracles (1918)
John MacArthur- Charismatic Chaos |
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Term
| Key Points of Cessationist Argument: |
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Definition
Supernatural gifts not customary but periodic
-confirm and authenticate the Apostles message
-ceased as close of Apostolic Age (and canonization of scripture) |
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