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Chapter 2
Basic Concepts
49
Psychology
Professional
01/07/2014

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Term
Antecedent
Definition
stimulus change prior to behavior
Term
Automacity of Reinforcement
Definition
reinforcement does not need to be obvious to have an effect
Term
Aversive Stimulus
Definition
stimulus whose termination serves as reinforcement
Term
Behavior
Definition
movement of an organism
Term
Behavior Change Tactic
Definition
research based method for changing behavior, based on functional relations
Term
Conditioned Punisher
Definition
stimulus that decreases future probability of behavior due to pairing
Term
Conditioned Reflex
Definition
learned stimulus-response functional relation
Term
Conditioned Reinforcer
Definition
stimulus that increases future probability of behavior due to pairing
Term
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Definition
stimulus elicits response because of pairing
Term
Consequence
Definition
stimulus change after behavior
Term
Contingency
Definition
temporal or functional relation between behavior and antecedent or consequent variables
Term
Contingent
Definition
dependency of a particular consequence on occurrence of a behavior
Term
Deprivation
Definition
increasing effectiveness of reinforcer by limiting access to it
Term
Discriminated Operant
Definition
operant that occurs more frequently under specific antecedent conditions
Term
Discriminated Stimulus (sD)
Definition
stimulus with history of differential reinforcement that increases frequency of behavior
Term
Environment
Definition
circumstances in which organism exists
Term
Extinction
Definition
reinforcement withheld for previously reinforced response
Term
Habituation
Definition
gradually diminishing response strength
Term
Higher Order Conditioning
Definition
Pairing neutral stimulus (NS) with conditioned stimulus (CS)
Term
History of Reinforcement
Definition
how each organism's behavior has been selected, shaped, and maintained by history of reinforcement
Term
Motivating Operation
Definition
variable that alters reinforcing effect of a stimulus
Term
Negative Reinforcement
Definition
stimulus removed, increases future probability of behavior
Term
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Definition
stimulus that does not elicit response
Term
Ontogeny
Definition
history of individual organism
Term
Operant Behavior
Definition
behavior elicited by history of consequences
Term
Operant Conditioning
Definition
effect of consequences on behavior
Term
Phylogeny
Definition
history of a species
Term
Positive Reinforcement
Definition
stimulus presented, increases future probability of behavior
Term
Principle of Behavior
Definition
functional relation between behavior and controlling variable
Term
Punisher
Definition
stimulus that decreases probability of future responding
Term
Punishment
Definition
stimulus change follows a behavior, decreases future probability of behavior
Term
Reflex
Definition
evolved response to stimuli for survival
Term
Reinforcement
Definition
stimulus change follows a response, increases future probability of behavior
Term
Reinforcer
Definition
stimulus that increases probability of future responding
Term
Repertoire
Definition
set of skills relevant to specific task
Term
Respondent Behavior
Definition
behavior elicited by antecedent stimuli (response to sD)
Term
Respondent Conditioning
Definition
Pavlovian conditioning
Term
Respondent Extinction
Definition
Presenting conditioned stimulus (CS) without unconditioned stimulus (US) to weaken parining
Term
Response
Definition
specific instance of behavior
Term
Response Class
Definition
group of responses with same function
Term
Selection by Consequences
Definition
operant behavior is under control of consequences throughout an organism's lifetime
Term
Simulus-Stimulus Pairing
Definition
two stimuli presented together, one acquires function of other
Term
Stimulus
Definition
energy change that affects organism
Term
Stimulus Class
Definition
group of stimuli sharing common elements
Term
Stimulus Control
Definition
behavior is altered by a specific antecedent stimulus
Term
Three-Term Contingency
Definition
Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence
Term
Unconditioned Punisher
Definition
stimulus that decreases future probability of behavior without pairing
Term
Unconditioned Reinforcer
Definition
stimulus that increases future probability of behavior without pairing
Term
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Definition
stimulus elicits response without prior learning
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