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is the complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society. |
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| ___give rise to norms and associated sanctions, which in turn influence consumption patterns. |
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| Cultures are not___ . They typically evolve and change ___ over time. |
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| the boundaries culture sets on behavior |
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| Caused by violation of cultural norms; penalties ranging from mild social disapproval to banishment from the group |
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reflect a society's view of the appropriate relationships between individuals and groups within that society; consist of individual/Collective,Youth/Age, Extended/ Limited Family, Masculine/ Feminine, Competitive/ Cooperative,
Diversity/ Uniformity |
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| Environment-Oriented Values |
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| Prescribe a society's relationship to its economic and technical as well as its physical environment; consist of Cleanliness, Performance/Status, Tradition/Change, Risk taking/Security, Problem solving/Fatalistic, Nature |
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| reflect the objectives and approaches to life that the individual member of society find desirable; consist of Active/Passive, Sensual gratification/Abstinence, Material/Nonmaterial, Hard work/Leisure, Postponed/Immediate gratification, Religious/Secular |
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| Nonverbal communication systems |
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| the arbitrary meanings a culture assigns actions, events, and things other than words |
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| widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. Norms are derived from these. |
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| monochronic time perspective |
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| Viewing time as linear, inexcapable, and fixed in nature, and doing one thing at a time with a strong orientation towards the present and short term future |
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| polychronic time perspective |
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| Viewing time as being less discrete and less subject to scheduling, and viewing simultaneous involvement in many activities as natural |
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| the nearest others can come to you without you feeling uncomfortable. largest in n europe, smallest in south america |
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| personal relationships on which an individual can draw to secure resources or advantages when doing business as well as in the course of social life |
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| generally accepted ways of behaving in social situations |
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| is based on the cost of a standard market basket of products bought in each country |
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| acquisition of things to enable one to do something |
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| acquisition of items for the sake of owning the item itself |
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| the degree to which people accept inequality in power authority, status, and wealth as natural or inherent in society |
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| widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable |
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| An effort by consumers to reduce their reliance on consumption and material possessions |
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| marketing that ties a company and its products to an issue or cause with the goal of improving sales or corporate image while providing benefits to the cause. |
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| shifting from status focus to focus on___ |
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| americans focus more on ____ than on security |
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| In terms of religiousness, America is basically a _____ society |
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(1) developing products whose production, use, or disposal is less harmful to the environment than the traditional versions of the product;
(2) developing products that have a positive impact on the environment; or
(3) tying the purchase of a product to an environmental organization or event. |
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| Marketing done to enhance the welfare of individuals or society, possibly through a non-profit org, without direct benefit to a particular firm. |
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| Members of the gay market tend to be ___ tech savvy compared to the general population |
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| based on an attribute over which the individual has little or no control |
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| based on performance criteria over which the individual has some degree of control |
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| traditional gender orientation |
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| husband is provider, wife is housemaid |
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| modern gender orientation |
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| husband and wife share family responsibilites (work, raise kids, clean, etc) |
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| the traits of femininity or masculinity |
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| the behaviors considered appropriate for males and females in a given society |
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| financial services;social security benefits and estate planning |
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| Gay couples are concerned about ___ such as __ and ___ since same sex marriages are not recognized under the law |
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| describe a population in terms of its size, distribution, and structure |
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| the population has grown____ since the 1960's |
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| income and education; status and income |
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| Occupation is strongly associated with ___ and ___, and provides ___ and ___ |
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| the type of work one does influences what one ____ |
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| ___ drives income in today's society |
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| doesn't explain/cause them |
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| Income enables purchases, but ___ ___ ___ |
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| SDI subjective discretionary income |
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| an estimate by the consumer of how much money he/she has available to spend on nonessentials |
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| one's perceived age, a part of one's self-concept |
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| group of persons who have experienced a common social, political, historical, and economic environment |
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| the process of describing and explaining the attitudes, values, and behaviors of an age group as well as predicting its future attitudes, values, and behaviors |
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| one segmentation approach to the mature market that incorporates aging processes and life events related to the physical health and mental outlook of older consumers |
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| there are almost ___ million baby boomers |
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| self-centered, individualistic, economically optimistic, skeptical, suspicious of authority, focused on the present |
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| baby bust generation; born 1965-1976 |
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| raised mainly in dual careeer households |
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| materialistic, impatient; want products designed specifically for their lifestyle; over half have kids under 18 |
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| born between 1977 and 1994; aka the echo boom |
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| event sponsorship and electronic media are used to capture their attention |
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| placing ads in videogames |
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| one's position relative to others on one or more dimensions valued by society |
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| a hierarchical division of a society into relatively distinct and homogeneous groups with respect to attitudes, values, and lifestyles |
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| the more consistent an indiv is on all status dimensions, the greater the degree of ___ for the indiv |
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| engaged in by lower-upper class. Purchase and use of automobiles, yachts, etc to demonstrate wealth |
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| engage in conspicuous consumption |
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| working class aristocrats |
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| proud of ability to do real work. dislike upper-middle class. |
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| estimates social status based on 1-eduction 2-occupation 3-income |
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| holingshead, warner's, census burea index |
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| weights occupation higher than education |
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| weights highest pop. % in upper-lower. based on occupation, source of income, house type, and dwelling area |
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| uses occupation, income and education to index, Socioeconomic Status Scale (SES). weights highest % in upper-middle |
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| segment of a larger culture whose members share distinguishing values and patterns of behavior. made of ethnicity, religion, geography, age |
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| those whose members unique shared behaviors are based on a common racial, language, or national background |
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| ____ report high use and influence from mass media |
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| creating or sponsoring an event that has a particular appeal to a market segment |
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| More than 60% of ___ say respect is an important factor in choosing a shopping venue |
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| a person of cuban, mexican, puerto rican, s american, central american race |
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| now the largest growing subculture in the us |
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| the degree to which an immigrant has adapted to his/her new culture |
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| tend to be highly brand loyal. catholic. traditional. bilingual, like loud music and own language |
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| highest education and income subgroup. tech savvy. cultural dedication, |
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| educational system, govt, etc not influenced by religion |
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| similar to catholics. emphasize direct connection w/god. dominant in US. avoid stimulants like alcohol, caffeine. |
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| strong belief in literal truth of bible. encourage others to believe in jesus christ. lower education against abortion, gays |
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| mainly in NE, higher than avearage incomes. used to not date outside religion |
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| conservative. avoid pork. |
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| tend to be slightly above average in income and education. concentrated in the west |
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| 2+ indivs who share a set of norms, values, or beliefs and have certain implicit or explicitly defined relationships with one another such that their behaviors are interdependent |
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| group whose presumed perspectives or values are being used by an indiv as the basis for his/her current behavior |
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| nongeographicallly bound community based on a structured set of social relationships among owners of a brand and the psychological relationship they have with the brand itself the product in use and the firm |
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| community that interacts over time around a topic of interest on the internet |
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| occurs when an indiv uses the behaviors and opinions of reference group members as potentially useful bits of info |
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| aka utilitarian influence; occurs when an indiv fulfills group expectations to gain a direct reward or to avoid a sanction |
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| aka value expressive influence; occurs when indivs have internalized the group's values and norms |
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| if most agree, last person will agree, even if wrong. |
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| influences 2/3 of consumers |
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| the “go to person” for specific types of information. This person filters, interprets, and passes along information. |
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| a generalized market influencer who provides significant amounts of information about various products, places to shop, and so on |
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| 10% of population but use broad social networks to influence the other 90%! |
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| an online “pass-it-along” strategy, utilizing electronic communication to trigger brand messages (often via email) throughout a widespread network of buyers.” |
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| an idea, practice, or product perceived to be new by the relevant individual or group. |
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| Adoption of this type of innovation requires relatively minor changes in behavior(s) that are unimportant to the consumer |
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| Dynamically continuous Innovation |
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| Adoption of this type of innovation requires a moderate change in an important behavior or a major change in a behavior of low or moderate importance to the individual. |
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| Adoption of this type of innovation requires major changes in behavior of significant importance to the individual or group. |
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| the manner in which innovations spread throughout a market |
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| 1st 2.5% to adopt product; risk takers |
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| next 13.5% to adopt product;opinion leaders in local reference groups |
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