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Conducting terms
musical terms we need to know
91
Music
Undergraduate 4
09/20/2007

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Term
accelerando
Definition
Gradually increasing tempo
Term
ad libitum
Definition
At pleasure, at will
Term
adagio
Definition
Slowly, usually conducted in divided meter
Term
agogic accent
Definition
Sustaining or stretching for accent, tension or stress
Term
allargando
Definition
Becoming broader, slowing
Term
allegretto
Definition
Moderately fast
Term
allegro
Definition
Lively, brisk, rapid
Term
andante
Definition
Moderately slow, walking pace
Term
andantino
Definition
A little slower than andante, but is often used as meaning a little faster
Term
assai
Definition
Very
Term
caesura
Definition
A break in the musical line, //
Term
cantabile
Definition
Singing, or vocal style
Term
cantando
Definition
Singing, smooth, and flowing
Term
con brio
Definition
With fire and dash
Term
con moto
Definition
with motion
Term
crescendo
Definition
Increasing in loudness
Term
diminuendo
Definition
Becoming gradually softer
Term
dolce
Definition
Sweetly, softly
Term
doppio valore
Definition
Twice as slow
Term
espressivo
Definition
Expressively
Term
fermata
Definition
Hold, sustain for expressive tension
Term
feroce
Definition
Wildly, fiercely
Term
forte
Definition
Loud, strong
Term
fortissimo
Definition
Extremely loud
Term
fuoco
Definition
With fire
Term
grave
Definition
Heavy, slow, serious
Term
grazia
Definition
Gracefully, elegantly
Term
grazioso
Definition
Gracefully, elegantly
Term
ictus
Definition
Point of beat
Term
langsam
Definition
Slow
Term
larghetto
Definition
A little faster than largo
Term
largo
Definition
Very slow, broad, stately
Term
legato
Definition
Smooth, connected
Term
leggiero
Definition
Light, airy
Term
lento
Definition
Slowly
Term
maestoso
Definition
Majestic, dignified
Term
marcato
Definition
"Marked," with emphasis, heavy, usually separated
Term
marcia
Definition
March style
Term
meno
Definition
Less
Term
mezzo
Definition
Half
Term
moderato
Definition
Moderate tempo
Term
modere
Definition
Moderate tempo
Term
molto
Definition
Very, much
Term
mosso
Definition
Movement
Term
non troppo
Definition
Not too much
Term
naunce
Definition
Shading, subtle expressive changes in musical phrase or line
Term
ostinato
Definition
"Obstinate," incessant repetition of musical pattern or bass line
Term
pesante
Definition
Heavy, ponderous, firm, vigorous
Term
piacere, a
Definition
At the performer's pleasure regarding interpretation and expression
Term
pianissimo
Definition
Very softly
Term
piano
Definition
Softly
Term
piu
Definition
More
Term
pizzicato
Definition
Plucked
Term
pochissimo
Definition
Very little
Term
poco
Definition
Little
Term
prestissimo
Definition
Very rapidly
Term
presto
Definition
Fast, rapidly
Term
quasi
Definition
As if it were, nearly
Term
rallentando
Definition
Growing slower
Term
recitative
Definition
Vocal declamations, free in tempo and rhythm
Term
recitative
Definition
Vocal declamations, free in tempo and rhythm
Term
retenu
Definition
Held back
Term
ritardando
Definition
Gradually slowing
Term
ritenuto
Definition
Suddenly slowing rate of speed, held back
Term
ritmico
Definition
Rhythmical
Term
rubato
Definition
Phrasing give and take, shading of tempo
Term
scherzando
Definition
Playfully, lightly
Term
schmachtend
Definition
Languishing, longing
Term
sempre
Definition
Always
Term
sforzando
Definition
Sudden emphasis
Term
simile
Definition
In a similar manner
Term
smorzando
Definition
Dying away
Term
soli
Definition
Several players on a part
Term
solo
Definition
Alone, one player on the part
Term
sostenuto
Definition
Sustained
Term
sotto voce
Definition
Soft voice
Term
spiccato
Definition
Springing, bouncing bow, off the string, staccato
Term
staccatissimo
Definition
Very detached
Term
staccato
Definition
Detached, separated
Term
stringendo
Definition
Accelerating movement, intensifying tempo
Term
subito
Definition
Suddenly, immediate
Term
takt
Definition
Beat, regular measurement of time
Term
tempo primo
Definition
Original tempo
Term
tenuto
Definition
Stretched, sustained, held back
Term
tessitura
Definition
The range within which most notes lie
Term
tranquillo
Definition
Calmly, quietly
Term
tres
Definition
Very
Term
troppo
Definition
Too much
Term
tutti
Definition
All, the entire ensemble
Term
valse
Definition
Waltz
Term
vivace
Definition
Quickly, lively, very fast
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