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| relatively stable patterns of social interaction; the relationships, roles, group, and institutions of society |
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| a situation in which two or more people communicate and modify each other's behavior; the basic process in a social system that establishes social relationships |
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| a pattern of expected behavior, associated with some position in society is called social role. This position is an abstract position and can be filled out by a lot of people (mother, son, etc.). Roles usually come in pairs. |
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| 3 to 12 people with a common sense of identity, membership criteria, patterns of regular social interaction, and some form (usually normative) of social control. |
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| a group of individuals or roles joined together to pursue a common goal in a formally structured way |
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| a group with a common territory, shared interests, communications, and a sense of belonging to one another |
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| fairly durable arrangements of interrelated social roles |
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| From the individual's perspective power is both the ability to affect the physical environment and the ability to make other people do what you want them to do, even against their will. The three forms of power are: normative, economic, and coercive |
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| power based on control over symbolic and emotional rewards, and the possession of prestige, influence, or charisma |
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| power based on control over material resources |
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| power based on force or the threat of force |
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| believed to be legal or right |
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The use of power in groups and societies to regulate the behavior and ideas of members and to define who is a member.
Requirements for normative social control:
1.ability to communicate verbally and nonverbally
2.interaction, preferably synchronous and in a common language and shared system of cultural meanings for nonverbal actions
3.need to establish the identity of the persons we are interacting with and to disclose our identity to them
4.mutual interest in belonging to the same society or group
Requirements for economic social control:
1.Control over resources that people need or want
2.Ability to distribute resources to those who do what you want them to (examples: wages, bribes)
3.Ability to deny or extract resources from those who do not do what you want (examples: fines or firing someone)
Requirements for coercive social control:
1.Knowing where someone is
2.Knowing who someone is
3.Knowing what would be threatening to them and being able to communicate a threat
4.Being able to physically injure them |
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| socially, shared cultural concepts of what is desirable, good, or obligatory; in general, a measure of something's worth |
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| are based on the coercive power of the state. (The state means the whole structure of government.) If somebody doesn't follow laws there are penalties. Laws can also change, but very slowly. Laws in democratic societies are made by legislators, interpreted by judges, and enforced by law enforcement bureaucracies. |
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| negotiated characteristics which make a person recognizable by others as a unique individual |
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| a space not under surveillance by authorities or audience |
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| space that is under surveillance by authorities or audience |
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| Norms are the unwritten (and often unconscious) rules governing expected behavior in a specific social interaction. New norms emerge out of social interactions in new environments. In normative social control, people use nonverbal gestures, visual symbols, and emotionally negative and positive words to influence one another. They may also discuss one another's actions to work out new ways to behave. |
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| an interrelated set of individuals who communicate regularly with one another. Theoretically, there is a single global social network in which no two people are more than six interactions away from one another. |
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| repeated social interactions with casual acquaintances. |
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| repeated social interactions with significant others. |
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| norms and social networks that enable collective action. |
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| relationships among facts; a useful selection and organization of data. Information is used in social interaction. The exercise of power requires information. We cannot influence people unless we can communicate with them. Social information deals with meaning. Information exchange in society is a part of culture. |
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| characterized by written rules and procedures |
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| characterized by the absence of written rules and procedures |
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| what is believed to be real has real consequences |
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| Social Construction of Reality |
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| The social processes by which members of a group or society agree what exists and is true. |
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| a formal organization characterized by hierarchical authority, formal written rules, and limitations on the power of officials |
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| the process of making something logically organized for the purpose of accomplishing a goal according to universalistic rules |
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| a model or specification that something can be designed to conform to or against which it can be tested |
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