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This is a file format developed by Adobe Systems in 1992. PDF captures formatting information from a variety of desktop publishing applications, making it possible to send formatted documents and have them appear on the recipient’s monitor or printer as they were intended. This is because a PDF will maintain the original fonts, images, graphics as well as the exact layout of the file. |
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| Anovel or improved idea, device, product, ect, or the development thereof. |
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A computer is a programmable machine. A computer responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner and executes pre recorded instructions |
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A computer. A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data.
Example: a DNS server awaits and responds to requests for urls to be translated to IP addresses |
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| A groups of computers and servers that are connected to each other. |
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| ISP: Internet service provider |
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An ISP is your gateway to the Internet and everything else you can do online; a company that provides subscribers access to the Internet.
ISP. Examples:Verizon, ATT, Comcast, Time Warner, Cox, |
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A computer that requests data stored on a server.
Example: When you type an address into your browser, your computer is the client and it sends the request to the DNS server. |
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A program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that form Web pages to users, in response to their request, which are forwarded by their computers’ HTTP clients.
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Dedicated computer and appliances may be referred to as a Web servers as well.
- Web servers are computers on the internet that deliver(store) web pages. Every web server has an IP address and possibly a domain.
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| A computer and storage device dedicated in storing files. Any user on the network can store files on the server |
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A server that sits between a client application, such as a web browser, and a real server. It intercepts all requests to the real server to see if it can fulfill the requests itself. If not, it forwards the request ot the real server.
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Cloud Server hosting is when hosting services are made available to customers on demand via the internet. Rather than being provided by a single server or virtual server, cloud server hosting services are provided by multiple connected servers that comprise a cloud.
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| Cloud server hosting is when hosting services are made available to customers on demand via the internet. Rather than being provided by a single server or virtual server, cloud server hosting services are provided by multiple connected servers that comprise a cloud. |
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| A program that handles all application operations between users and an organization’s backend business applications or databases |
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| A single computer in a network reserved for serving the needs of the network. For example, some networks require that one computer be set aside to manage communications between all the other computers. |
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A computer that manages one or more printers, and a network server is a computer that manages network traffic. |
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| A computer system that processes database queries. |
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A way of representing information using only two options, usually 0’s and 1’s.
Yes/No
True/False |
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Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information. |
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| A set of rules and standards used to communicate between machines. |
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| HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the internet |
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| HTML HyperText Markup Language) is the language in which the content and formatting of a web page are written |
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American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII is the university recognized raw text format that any computer can understand. |
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| The principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers. |
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| A contraction of “Binary Digit.” A bit is the single unit of information in a computer typically represented as 0 or 1. |
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| To write code, or to write instructions telling the computer what to do |
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| Internet Engineering Task Force - Develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards and protocols, in particular the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite. |
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| the Internet Society strives to make the world a better place |
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| Uniform Resource Locator: An easy-to-remember address for calling a web page (like www.code.org). |
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DNS, TCP, IP, and Physical Internet
Code.org’s stack |
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| Domain Server Name or Domain Name Service: The service that translates URLs to IP addresses. |
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| Transmission Control Protocol - Provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of stream of packets in the internet. TCP is tightly lightly linked with IP and usually seen as TCP/IP in writing. |
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| A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet. |
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| A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks and are located at gatewaysRouy |
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| Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver. |
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| The number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. |
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| Transmission capacity measure by bit rate. |
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| A contraction of “Binary Digit.” A bit is the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1. |
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| A byte is a sequence of 8 bits processed as a single unit of information. |
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A byte is 8 bits since it was used to refer to groups of 8-bits that a
computer was processing. |
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| A problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding and optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible |
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| A data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the |
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| Reducing information to a simpler form, to remove some details to focus on essential characteristics. It is typically possible to look at a system at many levels of abstraction, depending on how many detail is necessary to approach the challenge at hand. To simplify things pulling out specific differences to make one solution work for multiple problems. |
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| A byte is a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one alphanumeric character) processed as a single unit of information. A single letter or character would use one byte of memory (8 bits), two characters would use two bytes (16 bits). |
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| Put another way, a bit is either an ‘on’ or an ‘off’ which is processed by a computer processor, we represent ‘on’ as ‘1’ and ‘off’ as ‘0’. 8 bits are known as a byte, and it is bytes which are used to pass our information in its basic form - characters. |
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A byte is a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one alphanumeric character) processed as a single unit of information. A single letter or character would use one byte of memory (8 bits), two characters would use two bytes (16 bits).
byte - A series of 8 binarybits that digitally represent a single character to the
computer. Example: 00000001 = 1 Learn more here.
kilobyte - Approximately 1,000 bytes. Learn more here.
megabyte - Approximately 1,000,000 bytes. Learn more here.
gigabyte - Approximately 1,000,000,000 bytes. Learn more here. |
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Internet Protocol Layer's. |
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DNS: Translates a URL into an IP address. Note that a DNS request still is conducted over TCP/IP
TCP: Breaks larger messages into multiple packets and ensures all packets are received and ordered correctly
IP: Assigns IP addresses to computers and routes packets of data to the correct address
The Physical Internet: copper wire, fiber, optic cable, radio waves, etc
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| A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data. Example: a DNS server awaits and responds to requests for urls to be translated to IP addresses |
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| A computer that requests data stored on a server. Example: When you type an address into your browser, your computer is the client and it sends the requests to the DNS server. |
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| To save space, some information is thrown away |
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The dimensions by which you can measure how many pixels are on a screen.
640 x 480 |
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| Data the describs data. For example, a digital image may include metadata that describes the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution. |
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| Short for “picture element” it is the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image. |
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| Hexadecimal Number System |
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| A number system consisting of 16 distinct symbols - 0-9 and A-F - which can occur in each place value. |
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| The RGB color model uses varying intensities of (R)ed, (G)reen, and (B)lue light are added together in to reproduce a broad array of colors. |
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| A computation in which rows from a data set are grouped together and used to compute a single value of more significant meaning or measurement. Common aggregations include: Average, Sum, Max, Min, Count. A Summary Table, Calculation Area. |
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| A step-by-step list of intructions that allows you to complete a task |
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| (or irreversible compression) a data compression method that uses inexact approximations, discarding some data to represent the content. Most commonly seen in image formats like .jpg |
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| In spreadsheet software, it is the name of the tool used to create summary tables. |
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| A table that shows the results of aggregations performed data from a larger data set |
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| A single value of either TRUE or FALSE |
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| In programming, an expression that evaluates to TRUE or FALSE |
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| A “hard” problem for a computer is one in which it cannot arrive at a solution in a reasonable amount of time. |
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A programming language designed by Sun Microsystems that can be integrated into standard HTML pages to add some dynamic features.
Learn more here. |
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| An overarching term for the coding tasks involved in making a program respond to events by triggering functions. |
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| On-screen objects, like buttons, images, text boxes, pull down menus, radio buttons, check boxes, screens,canvas, and so on.Input Controls:checkboxes, radio buttons, dropdown lists, list boxes, buttons, toggles, text fields, date field. |
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| Any valid unit of code that resolves to a value. |
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| Finding and fixing problems in your algorithm or program. |
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| The equality operator (sometimes read: “equal equal”) is used to compare two values, and returns to Boolean (true/false). Avoid confusion with the assignment operator “=”. |
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The common programming structure that implements “conditional statements”. |
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| Dictates what portions of code can “see” or use a variable, typically derived from where the variable was first created. (See Global v. Local) |
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