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| Personal Computers Developed |
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Information Processing Cycle
Input |
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| First operation, enables computer to accept data |
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Information Processing Cycle
Processing |
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| Converts data into information |
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Information processing cycle
Output |
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| the actual displaying of the processed data |
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Information processing cycle
Storage |
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| saving of the output for later use |
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| outdated computer technology |
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| one of the earliest types of ports and were often used with dial up modems to achieve two way communivations. still used on servers |
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legacy tech
parallel ports |
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| were commonly used to connect PC to a priner but have been replaced by the USB and ethernet ports |
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| hardware that moves data into and out of a computer |
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| two or more connected computers sharing input/output |
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types of computers
desktop |
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| designed for home and offce use; large and bulky |
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types of computers
notebook/laptop |
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| small enough for easy computer mobility (as powerful as desktops) (travel) |
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types of computers
subnotebook |
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| smaller and lighter than notebooks, weighs much less than notebook |
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types of computers
tablet |
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types of computers
netbook |
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| not as powerful, mainly used for web browsing and other lightweight tasks, internet |
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types of computers
organization computers |
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| designed to be used by many people at the same time |
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| the computers connected to the network |
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| enables users on a computer to have access to network programs, hardware, and data |
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| designed to meet needs of smaller companies, these are being replaced by mainframes since mainframes price have dropped |
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| computer designed to meet needs of large companies or government agencies. high processing power |
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| able to perform extremely high speed processing |
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| difference between supercomputer & mainframe |
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supercomputer focuses on performing a few sets of instructions as fast as possible
mainframe executes many instructions concurrently |
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| disparity in computer ownership and internet access. the "divide" between those with easy access to technology and those who do not |
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| the collection of programs that help people share ideas, create documents, and conduct meetings regardless of locations or time zone, are making their move into the academic and business world |
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| possible disadvantage to computer technology that supplies user with overabundance of informtion. this in turn may actually influence wrong decision making |
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| study of how people and technology interact |
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| a painful injury caused by repeated motions that damage sensitive nerves in hands, wrist, and arms. some injuries may be so serious they may require surgery |
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| syntax & logical errors located in computer program, can cause the program to perform erratically & produce incorrect results or crash |
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| replacement of human workers w/ technology |
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| replacement of workers inside a country with workers in another b/c of cheaper cost of manufacturing or work |
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| a phenomenon where supply for workers equals demand for work. however, b/c unemployed arent able to do work req for vacant sports, there is still unemployment. the jobs are on a different structural tier. this results when advancing technology make an entire job category obsolete |
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| smallest piece of data a computer can work with. 8 bits per byte |
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| 0 & 1; "on" or "off" 1 or 0 |
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| a single unit of storage, 8 bits/byte |
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represents & processes numbers w/fractional parts (1.25 or extremely large #'s)
- has no fixed # of digits before or after decimal point
- enables a computer to work quickly with very large or small numbers
- requires special processing circuitry*more complex than integers(slower than integers)
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| responcible for the conversion of what we understand to what the computer understands |
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| english language only (8bits/byte) most widely used |
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extended binary coded decimal interchange code
- mainly used with mainframes
- IBM computers used it for many years (8bits/byte)
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| multilingual, 16bits/2bytes per character |
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[boxlike] causes the main hardware components that the computer actually uses; major components
- cpu, power supply, cooling fan, internal speakers, etc...
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| printed circuit board that contains the electrical circuitry for the computer. specifically contains a chip (CPU) |
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| majority of parts found on the motherboard. also called a chip, carries an electric current and contains millions of transistors |
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| central processing unit/CPU |
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| process electrical signals, "brain of the computer" |
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| portion of the CPU that, under direction of an embedded program, switches from one stage of the machine cycle to the next and performsd action of the stage. retrieves instructions from memory then interprets and performs the instructions. does this through the machine cycle FDES. uses register to store temporary data. |
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| whole list of instructions that the CPU can understand |
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| processing cycle of the CPU. stands for "fetch, decode, execute, and store" |
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| Control unit. recieves program instructions from memory |
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| Control unit. Determines what the program is telling the computer to do. |
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| performs requested action using ALU to perform artimetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) and logical operations which involve the comparison of two or more date items |
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| stores the results back to memory |
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| are temporary storage locations for the CPU |
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| max # of bits the CPU can process at once |
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| group of parallel wires that connect to the CPU's internal components |
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| measurement of electrical pulses generated by system clock, measured in gighertz (GHz, or billions of cycles per second) |
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| enables the CPU to perform more than one instruction for each clock cycle |
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| enables the CPU to process up to four instructions simultaneously |
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| a method where more than one processor performs; multiple CPUs |
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| retains instructions and data |
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Random access memory. temporary storage, allows the CPU to access or store data & instructions quickly volatile.
- Two types
- DIMM, most common 64 bit transfer rate
- SIMM, older, legacy, 32 bit transfer rate
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| amount of RAM the OS uses while it operates |
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| section of the hard drive set aside to use when RAM gets full. slows things down/not as fast RAM |
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| volatiles; small unit of ultrafast memory built into processor. used to store frequently used program instructions. Faster than RAM (more expensive than RAM) |
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| read only memory. helps computer get up and running by instructions. non-volatiles. this is what gets your computer started. type of memory where instructions are pre-recorded and not erased when the system is shutting down. |
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electrical defined pathways used to send data in/out of the computer.
- USB: universal serial bus. designed to replace older parallel & serial ports.
- Firewire: faster than USB . especially well suited for transmitting digital video/audio data
- Hot-swapping: can plug and unplug devices without turning comp. on or off
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| grid of circuits located under the keys |
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| chart that tells processor what key has been pressed |
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| pointing device; controls on screen pointer's movements |
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| alternative pointing devices |
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| trackball, pointing stick, touchpad, joystick, touch screen, stylus |
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discrete: speak 1 or 2 words
continuous: complete sentences, extremely difficult to achieve |
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| optical character recognition. converts scanned documents into readable text by the computer; optical character recognition |
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| optical mark recognition. compares levels of darkness & lightness (scantrons) |
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| radio frequency identifier. emits ID thru radio frequency. have tags that can be attached to anything, which emits radio signal w/ their ID |
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| magnetic ink character reader. scan & input characters printed w/ special ink ie. checks have invisible magnetic ink for faster processing |
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input devices
magnetic stripe card reader |
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| can detect and read info stored on magnetic strips located on the back of gift cards, credit cards, etc |
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| an input mechanism using live body parts |
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| universal product code. barcodes, used to scan products given unique ID |
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| sharpness of image which is determined by the # of pixels on the screen |
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