Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Community health nursing test3
Some cards
65
Medical
Undergraduate 4
10/29/2008

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Why are the homeless difficult to define and count?
Definition
1. They are hard to locate
2. They often refuse to be interviewed
3. They are not eager to identify themselves as homeless
4. They are with/without living arrangements for short periods of time.
Term
How many millions of americans is it estimated have been homeless at some time during their lives?
Definition
13.5 million
Term
What does recent research regarding homelessness reveal?
Definition
That the magnitude of the problem is greater than believed in the past.
Term
Has the rate of unemployment increased or decreased over recent years related to welfare reform?
Definition
Decreased.
Term
What are some issues that overshadow the recent decrease in unemployment related to welfare reform?
Definition
-There has been in increase in extreme childhood poverty
-A proliferation of inadequately paid employment
-increased hardship for families living on welfare
-Not as many benefits from employers
Term
What was the trend in regards to affordable housing between 1995 and 1998?
Definition
-No increase in the supply of federally subsidized housing for low income families
-The number of families recieving these subsidies declined for the first time in history
-There are more people living in gov't subsidized housing, and more on waiting lists.
Term
What was the trend in regards to affordable housing b/w 1998 and 1999?
Definition
-The number of families on waiting lists to obtain public housing increased up to 25%.
-The waiting time for public housing increased from 11 months to 28 months.
Term
What is the result of labor markets demanding a highly educated workforce?
Definition
-Insufficient income and lack of employment are listed as major issues causing homelessness.
-Technical colleges have alot to offer those who aren't 4 year college material.
-There is a push to beef up the community colleges in Louisiana.
Term
A serious illness can lead to a downward spiral. Discuss some possibilities resulting from this.
Definition
-Homelessness as a result of job loss
-Use of savings to pay for care
-Inability to pay rent
Term
What is one result of welfare reform related to Medicaid?
Definition
Fewer are eligible for the medicaid coverage that accompanies welfare.
Term
Who is mostly affected by homelessness resulting from domestic violence?
Definition
Usually women who leave abusive relationships without alternatives other than shelters.
Term
What has been the recent trend regarding homeless and mental illness?
Definition
There has been a marked increase in the amount of homeless with serious mental health issues.
Term
What is the increase in the number of homeless with mental health issues attributed to?
Definition
-Denial of services.
-Premature and unplanned discharge because services are poorly funded.
-There are now very few community partnerships that care for the mentally ill.
Term
How would you sum up factors that cause people to become homeless.
Definition
It is a combination of personal vulnerability and political indifference that has left people in the streets.
Term
What is the single most prevalent health problem among homeless men?
Definition
Alcoholism
Term
What are some other serious health problems for homeless men?
Definition
-Severe mental illness
-Chronic illnesses such as HIV, TB and STDs
-Hypertension, COPD, seizures, dental problems, peripheral vascular diseases.
Term
What are some health limiting factors that homeless women experience.
Definition
Generally have limited education, earning power, and fragmented support network.
Term
What are the results of homeless women having a lack of general health maintenance?
Definition
Increased incidence of:
-STDs, UTIs
-Psychological sequence of violence
-Anxiety, panic disorders, depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, self mutilation and suicidal behaviors
-Alcohol and drug problems
Term
What are the characteristics of "homeless child syndrome"?
Definition
-Poverty related health problems
-Immunization delays
-Untreated or under-treated acute and chronic illnesses
-School, behavioral and psych problems, don't fit in.
-Child abuse and neglect
-otitis media, chronic resp damage, etc
Term
What are two major poverty related health problems that directly affect children?
Definition
Low birth weight related to:
-Poor prenatal care
-Poor maternal nutrition
Term
What are some major factors contributing to high infant mortality rates in the homeless?
Definition
-Lack of sufficient nutrition
-Lack of shelter from environmental elements
-No address to qualify for wic.
-more acute than chronic illnesses
(if they have a chronic illness, most die).
Term
Why do homeless children have more mental health problems and developmental delays?
Definition
-Experience stressful life events at a very young age.
-Placement in foster care
-Tend to experience more depression and anxiety
-Lack personal and social skills, language skills and gross fine motor skills.
-Score lower on standardized tests in reading, math, and vocab.
-Miss more school days
-Repeat more days
Term
Why do homeless adolescents engage in "survival sex" and what are the results?
Definition
-For money to meet subsistence needs
-Resulting in
-unintended pregnancies with poor outcomes.
-Alcohol and drug abuse
-Depression
-Suicide
Term
Where do most homeless adolescents stem from?
Definition
They are usually runaways who couldn't take the home environment anymore and would finally leave.
Term
What is a good way for the nurse to create a trusting environment with homeless adolescents?
Definition
Don't make promises to keep secrets that you cannot keep.
Term
What are some other roles of the nurse besides creating a trusting environment?
Definition
-Show respect, compassion, and concern
-Do not make assumptions
-Coordinate a network of services and providers. Don't send them someplace where they cannot get the help they need.
Term
In what terms are rural populations defined?
Definition
-Geographic location
-population density
-distance from or the time needed to commute to an urban center
Term
What are the race characteristics of rural populations?
Definition
More whites than blacks, bu changes from community to community.
Term
What are the population characteristics of rural populations in regards to age?
Definition
Usually young people from 6-17 years of age, or very old. Very few young adults.
Term
What are the characteristics of rural populations in regards to marriage?
Definition
Most are married or have been married.
Term
What are the population characteristics of rural populations in regards to education?
Definition
Most don't have formal education past high school.
Term
What is the health status of rural residents in relation to those in the city?
Definition
Health is overall poorer.
Term
What is the trend regarding tobacco use in rural populations?
Definition
They tend to begin smoking younger. They also have more problems with COPD.
Term
What are some physical limitations on rural populations?
Definition
They have more problems with ADLs, walking upstairs, stooping, lifting, and bending.
Term
What are some common chronic illnesses in rural populations?
Definition
Heart disease, COPD, HTN, Arthritis, diabetes, cancer
Term
What is the usual frequency with which most rural residents visit healthcare providers?
Definition
less than 1x per year.
Term
What is the main limitation that rural populations have in regards to healthcare access?
Definition
Many must travel 30 or more minutes to the nearest healthcare facility.
Term
What is the deal with physicians in rural areas in relation to practice specialties?
Definition
They normally have to treat everyone. They can't just specialize in child health because they people don't have many options to see other docs.
Term
What is the role of school nurses in rural populations?
Definition
They do a great deal of healthcare, make home visits, get doctors to write scripts.
Term
What are some of the major barriers to health in rural areas?
Definition
-Available professionals
-Available services (don't have PET scans or operating rooms)
-Affordable services
-Acceptance of healtcare providers by the community that they are in.
Term
What percentage of all deaths nationally can be attributed to drugs?
Definition
About 25%
Term
What is the problem with making illicit drugs in America legal?
Definition
We need ways to test these drugs to make sure there aren't things in them that we don't want in them.
Term
Define substance abuse.
Definition
Any drug use that threatens a person's health, social performance and economic functioning.
Term
Define drug addiction.
Definition
An overwhelming preoccupation with the use of the drug and securing the supply of the drug characterized by a high tendency to deteriorate if the drug is removed.
Term
What is drug dependency?
Definition
When continued use of the drug is needed to prevent withdrawal symptoms.
Term
True or false: High doses of depressants reduce sleep?
Definition
True
Term
What is the oldest and most widely used psychoactive drug in the world?
Definition
Alcohol
Term
What types of deaths does alcohol contribute to?
Definition
Heart disease, cancer and stroke
Term
What is the most preventable form of mental retardation in the US?
Definition
Fetal alcohol syndrome.
Term
Which drug has the street names dope. smack and tar?
Definition
Heroin
Term
Opiods are _______ and less ______ today.
Definition
purer; less expensive
Term
Stimulants have ________ negative health effects.
Definition
Fewer
Term
What percentage of deaths can nicotine be attributed to?
Definition
20% (1 in 5)
Term
What can be said about smokeless tobacco in relation to smoked tobacco?
Definition
It's less addictive, but delivers more nicotine.
Term
What does high doses of nicotine cause?
Definition
-Extreme agitation
-Paranoid delusions
-hyperthermia
-Hallucinations
-cardiac dysrhythmias
-Pulmonary complications
-Convulsions
-possibly death
Term
What is the most widely used illicit drug in the united states?
Definition
Mary Jane
Term
How long does it take mary j. to work?
Definition
30-60 seconds after you inhale for the 1st time.
Term
What are the 4 categories of inhalants?
Definition
Volatile organic solvents
Aerosols
volatile nitrates
gases
Term
What is primary prevention as it relates to drug use?
Definition
The promotion of health lifestyles and resiliency factors.
-Teaching assertiveness and decision-making skills
-stress reduction
-relaxation techniques
-education about drugs and prevention
Term
What is secondary prevention of drug abuse?
Definition
-Drug testing, blood, breath and saliva testing
-Detoxification
-Addiction treatment
-Support groups
Term
What is the definition of vulnerable populations?
Definition
Social groups at increased probability of illness or adverse health outcomes
Term
What are priority population groups?
Definition
Those people targeted by governments for special emphasis in health care goals because their health status is particularly poor.
Term
What are health disparities?
Definition
Differences in the incidence, prevalence, morality, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups in the US.
Term
What are differences in health usually related to when talking about health disparities?
Definition
Access, such as people that live in rural areas. Could also be quality of care. Could just be outcomes.
Term
What are some trends related to vulnerable populations?
Definition
-Growth disparity b/w poor and rich
-Community-based care and interorganizational partnerships increasing
-Increasing importance of "safety net" providers.
-Outreach and case finding
-Comprehensive health care and social services in work-places, schools, faith-based organizations
-Social justice activism and advocacy
-Culturally and linguistically appropriate care
-Partnerships b/w public and private payers
Supporting users have an ad free experience!