Term
| What is the definition of community acquired pneumonia that enables one to make a diagnosis? |
|
Definition
need acute interstital changes on xray
need acute symptoms of infection
need to be in community out of hospital/long term care for >14 days |
|
|
Term
| How many cases of community acquried pneumonia are there per year in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is true of blood cultures in pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| they are highly specific but not senstitive |
|
|
Term
| What types of pneumonia can you do urinary antigen test for? |
|
Definition
| Legionella and Streptococcus Pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
| If you suspect legionella what type of test would you want to perform other than a urine antigen test? |
|
Definition
| sputum test with dieterle silver stain |
|
|
Term
| What serotype does the legionella urine antigen test test for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if you suspect Pneumocystis carinii, what type of stain would you do? (not in this lecture, but for the boards) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four most common community acquired pneumonia in order? |
|
Definition
streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilis Influenza (nontypeable)
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Chlamydia Pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| What does prior antibiotic treatment due to the sensitive of a test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the three most common pneumonias seen in otitis media in order?
and for COPD? |
|
Definition
streptococcus Pneumonia
Haemophilus INfluenza (non-typeable)
Moraxella catarrhalis
COPD: H. Influenza, Moraxella, Strept
|
|
|
Term
| What three pneumonias are most common in patients post influenza? |
|
Definition
streptococcus pneumonia
H. Influenza
Staph aureus |
|
|
Term
| What are the three most common types of pneumonia in early HIV infected patients? |
|
Definition
Streptococcus Pneumonia
H. Influenza
TB |
|
|
Term
| What is the most likely general bacteria causing pneumonia in aspiration and airway obstruction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If one has exposure to birds, what cause of pneumonia is most common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the gram stain of haemophilus influenza? What other bacteria has this same stain? |
|
Definition
gram negative coccobacillus
same as bordetela pertussis |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common serotypes of Haemophilus Influenza? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which form of Haemophilus influenza is more invasive? B or nontype |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ethnic groups have a higher risk for Haemophilus INfluenza? |
|
Definition
| A.A. and Native Americans |
|
|
Term
| Why is there a low rate of nasopharyngeal colonization of haemophilus influenza type B? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is haemophilus influenza spread? |
|
Definition
| airborn or direct contact |
|
|
Term
| Which form of Haemophilis Influenza is a more clonal type? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is early colonization of nontypeable haemophilus influenza associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who has an increase colonization of H. Influenza, the young or old? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What individuals is it common to have lower respiratory tract colonization of H. INfluenza? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In children less than 6 what does H. Influenza Cause? |
|
Definition
Epiglottitis
Meningitis
Otitis Media (non typeable)
Pneumonia
cellulitis |
|
|
Term
| Which type of H. Influenza causes the otitis media? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does H. Influenza cause in adults? |
|
Definition
COPD exacerbation
Sinusitis
Community acquired pneumonia (2nd leading cause) |
|
|
Term
| Which form of H. Influenza is spread hematogenously? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pathogenesis progression of Haemophilus influenza type B from colonization of the upper respiratory tract to CSF? |
|
Definition
colonize upper respiratory tract
invades respiratory epithelial cells
replicates in submucosa
gets into blood (bacteremia)
Into CSF through choroid plexus
Meningitis |
|
|
Term
| What type of Haemophilus INfluenza effects children <6 more severly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of Haemophilus INfluenza causes a localized mucosal infection and does not invade?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does nontypeable Haeophilus INfluenza get into the ear to cause otitis media when it is not invasive? |
|
Definition
| it travels up eustacain tube |
|
|
Term
| What is the gram stain of Moraxella catarrhalis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why can't bordetella pertussis live outside the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is true of the toxins in bordatella pertusis? |
|
Definition
| powerful and the classic A/B structure |
|
|
Term
| What does bordetella pertussis cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is bordatella pertussis spread? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are we seeing more bordatella pertusis in infants and adults (2 seperate reasons)? |
|
Definition
in infants less than 1 b/c of decreased maternal antibody
and in adults b/c of limited duration of vaccine efficacy |
|
|
Term
| What are the three stages of bordatella pertussis infection? |
|
Definition
catarrhal/prodromal stage
paroxysmal stage
convalescent stage |
|
|
Term
Which stage of bordatella pertussis is non specific?
How long does it last? |
|
Definition
catarrhal/prodromal stage
lasts for 7-14 days |
|
|
Term
| What stage in bordatella pertusis do you get the paroxysm cough tenacoious mucous and lymphocytosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does the paroxsymal stage last in Bordatella Pertusis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does the convalescent stage last in bordatella pertussis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bordatella pertussis causes both local and systemic effects. What attributes to the local effects?
What attributes to the systemic effects? |
|
Definition
local effects are due to the tetrapeptide disaccharide tracheal cytotoxin
systemic effects are due to the toxin production |
|
|
Term
| What is the systemic manifestation in bordatella pertussis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the local manifestation of bordatella pertusis? |
|
Definition
| ciliary loss, mucous, cough |
|
|
Term
| WHat bacteria elements does the pertussis vaccine contain? (4) |
|
Definition
| fimbriae, pertactin, filamentous hemagglutinin, inactivate pertussis toxin |
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