Term
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Definition
| The process of using messages to generate meaning |
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Definition
| person who initiates the conversation (encodes) |
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Definition
| Person who decodes/interprets the message |
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Term
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Definition
| symbols (verbal or nonverbal) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| an individuals background, values, attitudes, beliefs |
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Definition
| the time and place in which communication occurs |
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Term
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Definition
sender transmits a message to a receiver
S --> R |
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Definition
sender transmits a message then receiver decodes message and responds
S-->R .... R-->S |
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Definition
communication is simultaneous between sender and receiver
S<-->R |
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Definition
Communication is simultaneous but parties must negotiate meaning.
S(<)((--))(>)R |
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Term
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Definition
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Public
Mass |
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Term
| Intrapersonal Communication |
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Definition
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Term
| Interpersonal Communication |
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Definition
Comm. with others.
Dyadic: comm. b/t 2 people
Small group: comm. b/t 3-15 people |
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Term
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Definition
| b/t a sender and a large immediate audience w/feedback (public speaking. more than 15 people) |
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Definition
b/t a sender and a mass public (unseen audience)
computer mediate comm. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Meanings are in words.
T/F |
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Definition
FALSE.
Meanings are in people not in words.
We give our own meanings to words. |
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Term
Communication is a verbal process.
T/F |
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Definition
FALSE
The process of comm. is both verbal and nonverbal |
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Term
Telling is communicating
T/F |
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Definition
FALSE
Telling is only part of communicating. Receiving is also part |
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Term
Communication will solve all our problems.
T/F |
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Definition
FALSE.
Comm. can either create or solve problems. |
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Term
Communication is a good thing.
T/F |
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Definition
FALSE
Communication cannot solve all problems--it is a TOOL-. The way a person uses comm. determines its goodness or badness. |
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Term
The more communication the better.
T/F |
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Definition
FALSE.
It is the quality of communication that matters. |
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Term
Communication can break down.
T/F |
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Definition
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Term
Communication is a natural ability
T/F |
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Definition
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Term
Effective comm is merely skill building
T/F |
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Definition
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Term
Effective communication is just common sense
T/F |
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Definition
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Term
Communication is complicated
T/F |
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Definition
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Term
Communication is inevitable, irreversible, and unrepeatable.
T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Different kinds of perception |
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Definition
Passive
Active
Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting stimuli thru the use of our senses |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of receiving stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
the act of receiving and processing stimuli.
(subjective perception) |
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Term
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Definition
| all comm. is filtered according to our schemata |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive model/structure |
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Term
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Definition
1. select
2. organize
3. interpret |
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Term
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Definition
1. select
2. organize
3. interpret |
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Term
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Definition
1. exposure
2. attention
3. perception
4. retention |
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Term
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Definition
1. figure/ground
2. closure
3. proximity
4. similarity |
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Term
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Definition
| decoding and applying the stimuli |
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Term
| Factors that affect PERCEPTION |
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Definition
1. physiological influence (age. gender.)
2. past experiences
3. culture & co-cultural influences (values attitudes beliefs)
4. current mood & feelings |
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Term
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Definition
| as individuals we try to meet other people's expectations of us |
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Term
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Definition
| the self is developed through interaction with others |
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Term
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Definition
| understanding of the self |
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Definition
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Definition
| awareness of verbal & nonverbal communication of others toward ourselves |
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Term
| Ways to enhance self concept |
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Definition
1. make a commitment to improve your self concept
2. gain knowledge as a basis for personal change
3. set realistic goals
4. accept yourself as being in process.
5. create a supportive context for change |
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Term
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Definition
| perceptual error: you view everyone as average |
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Term
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Definition
| generalization of all attributes based on one attribute |
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Term
| fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| when judging others we attribute success to the situation and failures to their personal characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| in assessing ourselves we attribute success to our personal qualities and failures to the circumstances |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| meanings that specific words have to an individual |
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Term
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Definition
we cannot think about things that we do not have a name for.
LANGUAGE SHAPES OUR REALITY |
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Term
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Definition
| grammatical errors, colloquialisms, slang, doublespeak, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
words/phrases used informally
example: "whats up"
may confuse non-native speakers |
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Term
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Definition
socially acceptable way to speak about something
example "go to the bathroom" |
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Term
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Definition
language that purposefully disguises the actual meaning of the speaker
example: "rightsizing" "restructuring" |
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Term
| Ogden & Richard's Triangle of Meaning |
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Definition
WORDS ARE ARBITRARY (need to describe words)
symbol->referent->reference
Dog->picture of dog->brown/fluffy |
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Term
| Hayakawa's Ladder of Abstraction |
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Definition
WORDS CAN BE AMBIGUOUS
abstract ^^^ specific/concrete
living animal ^^ dog ^^ spaniel ^^ mikie |
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Term
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Definition
study of how language is used to evoke meaning in others.
deals with the meaning of individual words |
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Term
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Definition
| rules concerning where words can be placed in order to form grammatically correct sentences and phrases |
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Term
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Definition
indicate the uniqueness of a person, place, thing happening.
indicate WHO and WHAT |
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Term
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Definition
| indicate when an observation took place |
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Term
| Ekman & Friesen's Categories |
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Definition
emblems
illustrators
affect displays
regulators
adaptors |
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Term
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Definition
| replace words (the SHH sign) |
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Term
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Definition
| add meaning (nodding your head when you say yes) |
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Term
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Definition
| show emotion (slamming the door) |
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Term
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Definition
control the flow or pace of communication
(yawning or looking at watch when you are bored) |
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Term
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Definition
movements that you might perform fully in private but only partially in public
(rubbing nose in public, not picking it) |
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Term
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Definition
study of body movements
posture
eye contact
body movement
gestures
facial expressions |
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Term
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Definition
study of the human use of space and distance
territoriality
personal space |
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Term
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Definition
claiming of space. dependent of context.
(bedroom, area @ desk)
if you feel more comfortable you take up more space |
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Term
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Definition
ones personal bubble
consistence across contexts |
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Term
| four categories of distance |
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Definition
intimate: from you - 18 inches
personal: 18 inches to 4 feet
social: 4 to 12 feet
public: exceeds 12 feet |
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Term
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Definition
the use of touch in communication
women value touch more than men do.
wore are touched more than men.
women touch female children more than they touch male children.
males touch others more than females touch others.
males may use touch to indicate power or dominance |
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Term
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Definition
VOCAL CUES
volume
pitch
enunication: combination of articulation and pronunciation
quality
fluency
dialect:accent
silence
vocal variety: opposite of monotone
vocalized pause/vocal sounds:murmurs, gasps, nonword sounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of human clothing and other artifacts as nonverbal codes |
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Term
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Definition
| ornaments or adornments you display that hold communicative potential |
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Term
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Definition
lean forward
direct body orientation
close proximity
increased touching
relaxed posture
open arms |
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Term
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Definition
bigger gestures
relaxed posture
less eye contact
slow and deliberate speech |
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Term
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Definition
moving toward speaker
spontaneous gestures
shifting posture/position
active facial expressions |
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Term
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Definition
longer response time
reduced eye contact
increased shifts in position
more hand/shrug emblems
more adaptors
unfilled pauses
less smiling
slower speech
higher pitch
deliberate pronunciation |
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Term
| Advantages of studying communication |
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Definition
1. can improve the way you see yourself
2. can improve the way others see you
3. can increase what you know about human relationships
4. can teach you important life skills: critical thinking, problem solving, team building, media literacy
5. can help you exercise the right of freedom of speech
6. help you succeed professionally
7. help you navigate an increasingly diverse world |
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Term
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Definition
| grandfather of nonverbal communication |
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Term
| Gender and VERBAL language |
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Definition
men talk more or equally with women in mixed sex groups.
women use more intensifiers (adjectives, adverbs)
men interrupt more or equally than women
women use more questions
women use more justifiers
women use more disclaimers |
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