Term
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Definition
| a change (increase) in a disease and/or an event from expected levels to levels that are clearly in excess of expected levels |
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Definition
| a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium, Neisseria gonorrheoeae, that results in inflammation of the urethra and cervix and dysuria, or may result in no symptoms |
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Definition
| the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of specific health data for use in public health |
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Definition
| an occurrence of a disease within an area that is clearly in excess of expected levels (endemic) for a give time period |
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Definition
| a disease and/or an event that is found to be present (occurring) in a population in which there is a persistent (usual) presence with low to moderate disease/event cases |
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Definition
| refers to the epidemic spread of the problem over several countries or continents (such as the SARS outbreak) |
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Definition
| the resistance acquired by a host as a result of previous natural exposure to an infection agent; it may be induced by passive or active immunization |
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Definition
| the time or times when a infection agent may be transferred form an infection source directly or indirectly to a new host |
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Definition
| immunity of a group or community |
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Term
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Definition
| person-to-person spread of infection through one or more of the following routes: direst or indirect contact, common vehicle, airborne, or vector-borne |
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Term
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Definition
| time interval beginning with the invasion by an infectious agent and continuing until the organism multiplies to sufficient numbers to produce a host reaction and clinical signs |
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Definition
| immunization by a transfer of a specific antibody from an immunized person to one who is not immunized |
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Term
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Definition
| administration of all or part of a microorganism to stimulate an active response by the host's immunological system, resulting in complete protection against a specific disease |
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Term
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Definition
| systematic and ongoing observation and collection of data concerning disease occurrence to describe phenomena and detect changes in frequency or distribution |
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Definition
| passin the infection from parent to offspring via sperm, placenta, milk, or contact in the vaginal canal at birth |
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Term
| Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) |
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Definition
| a system of providing medications for persons with tuberculosis infection in which the client is monitored to ensure that the medication is taken and to maximize adherence to the tx |
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Term
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Definition
| identifying and locating contacts of persons who have been dx with a transmissible disease to notify them of their exposure and to encourage them to seek medical tx |
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Definition
| a STD caused by the organism Chlamydia trachomatis, which causes infection of the urethra and cervix. infections may be asymptomatic and if untx result in severe morbidity |
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Term
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Definition
| a virus that is transmitted by fecal-oral route. the clinical course of hep A ranges from mild to severe and often requires prolonged convalescence. the onset is usually characterized by acute fever, nausea, lack of appetite, malaise, and abd discomfort, followed after several days by jaundice |
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Term
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Definition
| an infectious disease caused by a bacterium, myobacterium tuberculosis. it is transmitted by airborne droplets, resulting in pulmonary sx and wasting. infection can be latent and asymptomatic, later progressing to active infection |
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