Term
|
Definition
| aesthetic value of text. focus on form. |
|
|
Term
| Formal criticism assumptions |
|
Definition
-humans are reasonable (criticism can be learned)
-focus on text, not reader
-pursuit of excellence
-form subsumes content |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-rhetorical canon-essential characteristics that must be present every time
-inventio: invention
-dispositio: arrangement
-elocutio: style
-pronuntiato: delivery
-memoria: memory |
|
|
Term
| formal criticism questions |
|
Definition
-is this good text?
-what makes this good text? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-what's the context? can't ignore historical contextual matrix
-literacy? privilege and elitism
-focus on form too narrow
-universal? not practical. never 1 reading only. |
|
|
Term
| Neo-classical/Aristotelian criticism |
|
Definition
-identification over persuasion. audience has active role
-focus on argument and audience
-forget universal principles |
|
|
Term
| Neoclassical assumptions: |
|
Definition
-humans are reasonable.
a. find what claims audience will accept. concerned with audience response and effect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
artistic proofs:
-doxa: values and opinions of audience
-topoi: standard types of arguments
-ethos
-pathos
-logos: rationality
-enthymeme
-stasis, nature of audience, target audience, reception, unity/order |
|
|
Term
| neoclassical-toulmin model |
|
Definition
Primary:
-claim
-evidence
-warrant-connection btwn claim and evidence
secondary:
-backing: support
-rebuttal: potential objections
-qualifier: limits on claim
-warrant and backing rely on factual data
-thinks beyond claim: what does argument stand on?
-requires to anticipate and consider possible challenges to claim
-uses logical structure of rational questioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-cant be recreated
-too much attention to effect
-limited by emphasis on reasoning
-tautological: circular reasoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
signs and symbols
syntax: construction
semantics: meaning
pragmatics: speech and how context contributes to meaning
CODE-system of signification-is key |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-meaning centered language
-inward/outward
-framed within systems
-way we see world
-public private
-never completely shared |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-semeiotikas: interpreter of signs and symbols
-polysemy: any one sign/symbol can have many meanings
-polyvalence: agree on meaning, disagree on whether meaning right or wrong
-recoding: changing meaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how do signs/symbols create meaning? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
build, legitimize, maintain, rebuild RELATIONSHIPS
-outside-in approach: starts with existing rltnships |
|
|
Term
| social criticism assumption |
|
Definition
| society constructed of relationships. when we do social criticism, examine construction of social indentities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-linkage
-reciprocity
-roles/rules
-race/class/gender
-marker of power
-ideology
-hegemony:
a. forcing ur ideology on another
b. forcing outside ideology on self
-framing: point of view
-myth: moral hero
-ideology
-performance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how are relationships created/shown? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| values basis for expressions, preferences; influence beliefs |
|
|
Term
| value criticism assumptions |
|
Definition
-humans make assumptions about world thru identifying values w/ it
-all texts can be interpreted for values
-values and beliefs linked together in cognitive systems
-value systems define individual and culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-positive/negative language associations: linguistic determination
-implied values via: belief system, formal elements, what should be there |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-puritan/power: self discipline, work ethic
-enlightenment: science, democracy, reason
-progressive: change, thinking toward future
-transcendental: love more important than anything
-personal success
-collectivist: opposite personal success
-levels: sub/co/cultural |
|
|
Term
| value criticism questions |
|
Definition
| what values does speaker hold? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-values subjective
-focus on intellectual pursuits of life
-general good/bad statements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
idea: power. power produces knowledge.
goal: critique |
|
|
Term
| ideological criticism types |
|
Definition
-individual biography
-institutional power
-commodification studies: how do things become exchanged
-structuration
-race/class/gender |
|
|
Term
| ideological criticism assumptions |
|
Definition
-studying culture's meaning system culminates in studying ideology
-ideological formations reflect power relations: political, social, relational
-society members usually complicate own subjugation; subject of ideology to study strategies of subjugation
-sub/categorization
-exnomination: voice of common sense
-metaphor
-narrative studies
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-liberation: false consciousness
-empowerment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-drives us to exclude power to everything else
-drives look at inherent linguistic |
|
|
Term
id. criticism
berlo's model
bitzer
burke |
|
Definition
source (encoding)--> message--> channel--> receiver (decodes) --feedback
bitzer:
rhetorical exigence: need to respond
rhetorical audience: knowing recipients
rhetorical constraints: obstacles in way
act, scene, agent, agency, purpose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
athens; had own school to manipulate and persuade others to adopt view
philosopher uses rhetoric to ascertain true knowledge |
|
|
