Details Title: Comm & PR Exam 1 Description: Book Terms Total Flash Cards: 84 Created: 09/29/2008 11:40:35		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Journalism Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Public Affairs Definition The aspect of public relations dealing with the political or governmental environment of organizations. Term Publics Definition Groups of individuals tied together by common characteristics or responses; Other organizations, groups, individuals who are affected by the actions of the org/affect the org. Term Social Marketing Definition Special from of PR that involves changing attitudes and beliefs on behalf of a social cause whose work benefits society, not the sponsoring organization. Term Press Agents Definition Individuals who use information as a manipulative tool, employing whatever means are available to acheive desired public opinion & action. Term Propaganda of the Deed Definition Provocative actions designed solely to gain attention for ideas or grievances. Term Boundary Spanners Definition Public relations people who look inside and outside the organization to anticipate issues, problems, and opportunities. -Communicating across boundaries from inside to out or outside to in; PR as intermediary Term Closed System Definition Organizations that do NOT seek new information from their environments. Term Dominant Coalition Definition People who have the power to direct organizations; primary decison makers Term Diffusion Theory Definition States that ppl adapt an idea only after going through five stages: 1.Awareness, 2.Interest, 3.Evaluation, 4.Trial, 5.Adoption Term Elaboration Likelihood Model Definition Explains whether people skim messages for relevant cues (peripheral processing) or read and think thru material (central processing) Term Environment Definition A concept in systems theory that suggests that organizations exist within social, political, and economic areas. Term 3 Types of Manager Roles Definition 1.Expert Prescriber (defines problem, suggest options) 2.Communication Facilitator (boundary between org & it's environment) 3.Problem-Solving Facilitator (partners with senior management to identify & solve problems) Term Media Agenda Definition The topics chosen by the media to report. Term Message Definition Words, pictures, and actions to which meaning is attached. Term Model Definition A way of looking at something. Term Open System Definition Organizations that seek new information and feedback from their environments. Term Personal Influence Model Definition A PR model based on friendships. Term Persuasion Definition The communication procss intended to change awareness, attitudes, or behavior. -NOT PR Term Roles Definition The collection of daily activities that people do. Term Situational Theory Definition A principle technique for segmenting audiences based on their likelihood of communicating. -As situation, problem, opportunity, or issue changes, publics will change. Term Variables that predict when publics will seek/process information about an issue Definition (Situational Theory) 1.Problem Recognition-facing issue & recognizing effect. 2.Constraint Recognition-perception of obstacles that stand in the way of the solution. 3.Level of Involvement-how much they care about the issue. Term Social Exchange Theory Definition Assumes individuals and groups choose strategies based on perceived rewards & costs. Term Social Learning Theory Definition Attempts to explain and predict behavior by looking at ways individuals process information; learning new behaviors by observing others. Term Systems Theory Definition Suggests how organizations are made up of interrelated parts and how they use these parts to adapt to their environment. Term Technician Role Definition -The craft side of PR (writing, taking pictures, etc) -Focus on implementation of management's overall communication strategies Term Theory Definition An explanation or belief abotu how something works. Term Uses & Gratifications Theory Definition Asserts people are active & selective users of media. (Achieve means; ie-entertainment, diversion, insight) Term Appropriation Definition Commercial use of a person's picture, likeness, or name without permission. Term Code of Ethics Definition A formal set of rules governing proper behavior for a particular profession or group. Term Commercial Speech Definition Public communicatin by business organizations through advertising or public relations to achieve sales or other organizational goals. Term Contract Definition A legal instrument that protects the rights of 2 or more parties. Term Copyright Definition Legal protection from unauthorized use of intellectual property fixed in any tagible medium of expression. Term Intellectual Property Definition Another's creative expression -Protected by Copyright Act through establishment of Fair Use. Term Criminal Libel Definition Public defamatory communication causing breach of the peace or incitement to riot Term Defamation Definition Any one communication that holds a person up to contempt, hatred, ridicule, or scorn. Term Fair Comment Definition Defense against Libel; the expression of opinion on matters of public interest. Term Fair Use Definition Permission to use creative expression of others (intellectual property) without compensation Term False Light Definition Indicates privacy has been invaded if truthful information has been used either in an exaggerated form or out of context; part of Privacy Law Term FCC Definition Federal Communication Commission; a regulatory body to regulate TV and radio broadcasting. Term FTC Definition Federal Trade Commission; responsible for ensuring fair dealing in relation to goods and services in terms of truth in advertising. Term First Amendment Definition The initial section of the U.S Bill of Rights that guarantees freedoms of the press, speech, assembly, & religion. Term FDA Definition Food & Drug Administration; regulates labeling, packaging, and sale of food, drugs, and cosmetics. Term 3 Reports required by Securities and Exchange Commission from publicly traded companies Definition 1.Form 10-K (annual report) 2.Form 10-Q (quarterly report) 3.Form 8-K (current report) Term FOIA Definition Freedom of Information Act; requires the disclosure of certain categories of government information. Term Intrusion Definition Surreptitious recording or observing of other prople's private documents, possessions, activies, or communication. Term 4 Kinds of Invasion of Privacy Definition 1.Appropriation 2.Publication of Private Info 3.Intrusion 4.Publication of False Info Term Libel Definition Published defamation by written or printed words communicated to a 3rd party. Term Licensure Definition A formal certification process that indicates a person measures up to a set of professional standards and qualifications. Term Malice Definition A requirement of civil libel cases involving public figures that states plaintiff must show (1)defendant's knowledge of falsity of published material and (2)reckless disregard for the truth. Term NLRB Definition National Labor Relations Board; oversees union activities and union/management relations (governs communication between unions & employers) Term Privacy Rights Definition Protection from unauthorized intrusion into a person's private life. Term Privelage Definition (Defense Against Libel) The allowance of what might otherwise be libelous bc of the circumstances under which a statement was produced. Term Product Liability Definition Companies are responsible for any damage or disease that might be caused by the use of their products. Term Publication of Private Information Definition Part of Privacy Law; states some information (although it is true) can't be published w/o prior consent. Term Regulations Definition A proposition underlying systems theory that maintains that the behavior of systems is constrained and shaped by interaction with other systems. Term Sarbanes-Oxley Act Definition (2002) Federal law that requires corporations be open with information about their finanacial institutions. Term Securities and Exchange Act Definition (1934) Requires adequate publicity for sale of stocks, and full disclosure of any pertinent information when it becomes available. Term Securities and Exchange Commission Definition Oversees trade of stocks and bonds and the operations of financial markets. Term Slander Definition Oral defamation Term Sunshine Act Definition Requires meetings of governmental boards, commissions, and agencies to be open to the public. Term Trademark Definition Legally portected name, logo, or design registered to restrict its use to the owner. Term USA Patriot Act Definition (2001) Federal law that permits the government wider powers to access individual records. Term Written Consent Definition Defense against invasion of privacy and copyright violation when permission is given in writing. Term Collective Bargaining Definition Relationship between employer and labor organization concerned with negotiation, administration, interpretation, and enforcement of contracts dealing with wages, working conditions, etc. Term Employee Communication Definition A special audience within an organization that management must communicate with in order to have good internal PR. Term Employee Relations Definition PR activities that are intended to build a sound relationship between the organization and its employees. Term Internal Media Definition Channels of communication controlled by the organization and directed to audiences within the organization. Term Organization Culture Definition Values, symbols, meanings, beliefs, and ways of doing things that integrate a group of people who work together. Term Change Management Expert Definition Somone who assists an organization in adapting to various changes, especially changes in culture. Term Globalization Definition The process of developing worldwide markets and overall economic interdependence among the nations of the world. Term Issues Management Definition The process of identifying issues that potentially impact organizations and managing organizational activities related to those issues. Term Knowledge Management Definition Computer-based system designed to increase productivity by getting the right information to the right people at the right time. Term Relationship Marketing Definition Focuses on building relationships with consumers through combination of marketing, advertising, and PR. Term Rich Media Definition Media Channels that more closely resemble face-to-face communication bc they allow for continual feedback and touch the senses through words, visuals,and sound. Term Categories of Publics Definition 1.Enabling/Controlling-formal authority over resources/rights 2.Peer Publics-other groups that share values/problems 3.Core Publics-production/consumption 4.Situational Publics-significant in certain situations. Term Preconditions for PR Definition 1.Social, Cultural, & Economic Change (Industrial revolution, women's rights, urbanization, immigration) 2.Bigger/more powerful institutions 3.New communication technologies 4.Political participation/scrutiny by citizens (threatened institutional power) Term Traditions of PR Practice Definition 1.Rhetorician & Press Agent (getting attention, mobilizing) 2.Journalistic & Publicity (using news media to communicate info from an org's point of view) 3.Persuasive Communication Campaign(influence and public opinion) 4.Relationship-Building & 2-Way Comm (consensus) Term Commercial Speech Definition Expression associated with marketplace. -Some restrictions -Values profit & efficiency -For private/individual benefit Term Protected Speech Definition (Personal/political/creative) -Expression associated with workings of a democracy & community life. -Values uninhibited debate & creativity -For greater good -Few restrictions Term FERPA Law Definition Family Education Rights and Privacy Act; students must give parents permission to see grades Term LPR Definition Litigation PR; using PR strategies to affect the outcome of a legal case. Term SLAPP Definition Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation; Company suing a group, even though it won't hold up in court, to calm a controversy/debate. Term 3 Ethical Dilemmas in PR Definition 1.Responsibility to peers & clients/employers 2.Truth & accuracy of info/integrity of media 3.Organizational interests vs. interest of others. Term 4 Ethics Codes Definition 1. Organizational (written) 2.Professional (written) 3.Social/Cultural (inherent) 4.Personal (inherent)