Term
| Sources of American characteristics (3) |
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Definition
1. Heritage
2. Religion and other social factors
3. Geography |
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Term
| How European Heritage shaped America |
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Definition
-Made Europeans and us
--self-reliant, aggressive, enterprising, flexible, dynamic, innovative, ambitious, restless, materialistic, anti-authoritarian, egalitarian |
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Term
| Characteristics: Fall of Rome |
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Definition
476 AD
What was Lost?
-gov-> roman legions gone-> protection gone-> trade, travel limited, communities isolated, self-sufficient-> arts, education diminish
Benefits
-Had to create new "gov"-feudal system.
-Economics-> had to create market (fish, salt)-> find a market(place)-> protect market-> towns develop-> as market centers est by traders-> political skills refined
*Aggressive, Innovative |
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Term
| Characteristics: Religious |
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Definition
Crusades:1096-1270
-Islam-ascending religion-convert/land
Christians- sense of mission
(Catholic)-> restless need to carry the "true" faith
explore/free Holy Land->found silk/spices/ideas/technology |
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Definition
feudal-> King
But- they limited his power-King John
Brought about anti-authoritarian, individualistic, egalitarian |
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Definition
1215
-no taxation without rep
-no imprisonment without trial w/ jury of peers
-No man is above the law, even the king-Rule of Law |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Crusades? Failure..doubt?
-Avignon Papacy schism-doubt
-Reformation-1517- Martin Luther- "priesthood of all believers"- priests not needed to administer sacraments for salvation- anti-auth, indiv, egal- all men created equal in eyes of God
-Bible into Vernacular
-Henry VIII- brings Reformation to England so he can divorce Catherine of Aragon |
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Term
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Definition
1585- Elizabeth I- Virginia- Roanoke
1588- defeat of Spanish Armada
1607- Jamestown, VA
1620- Plymouth, MA- Puritan Separatists- Mayflower compact |
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Term
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Definition
*Henry VIII established Anglican Church-Monarch head of church*
-Monarch's view affected church theology- Stuart Kings later restored much Catholic ritual to Anglican Church- Puritans objected |
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Definition
cannot purify Anglican Church-must leave to Amsterdam-> Children began to drift from faith-> take them to New World-> Pilgrims
-Among later arrivals- John Winthrop- City Upon a Hill Speech- A Model of Christian Charity |
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Term
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Definition
Found New England- MA, CT, NH, RI
-Landed in MA in 1620
-Joined by thousands- 1630's- John Winthrop arrives |
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Definition
A Model of Christian Charity- best ex of Puritan Thought
-The City Upon a Hill Speech |
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Term
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Definition
Who? Members of the body of Christ...regenerates, SAINTS (Born again)
Puritan theology-man is black at heart- corrupt- salvation obtained through conversion experience
Goal? to increase the Body of Christ (save additional souls)
How? create a theocracy
Result? role model for the world of goodness, holiness, righteousness- A City Upon a Hill |
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Term
| Puritan Covenant with God |
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Definition
they give- Perfect community
They get- blessings, defeat enemies, healthy kids, prosper, wealth (on earth)
God gives- The New Eden
God gets- more followers/converts/believers
God's signature- safe arrival to New World
They fail? (community impure) God's wrath on Earth
How do they keep community pure?
-Theocracy- no sin allowed- gov enforces church rules about what was sinful. |
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Term
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Definition
laws of Church-from bible (400 years... King James version)
Massachusetts Body of Liberty
Created by MA Assembly- General Court (upper, lower)
-Who votes/serves? SAINTS (elect regenerates)- hold community power |
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Term
| Puritan Tension (Arminianism v Antinomianism) |
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Definition
Arminianism
-salvation can be at least partially achieved by man's good works- keeping commandments, sacraments, etc.
Antinomianism
-emotional conversion exp- salvation by grace- man so debased there is nothing you can do to get to salvation |
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Term
| Puritan beliefs that led to Characteristics |
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Definition
-everyone goes to church
-saints vote-democracy
-Everyone learns to read- universal education, liberty
-Congregational Autonomy- no church hierarchy- no church needed for salvation-liberty |
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Term
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Definition
thought gov was corrupting the church making him worship with the unholy- so he separated church/state (along with paying Indians for land)
-Created true religious freedom in America- Rhode Island (not religious tolerance) |
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Term
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Definition
-threat to power structure- female (submit to husbands)
-believed none of the antinomian beliefs were necessary- or evidence of conversion- SAINTS recognized SAINTS- and she got personal revelations from God |
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Term
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Definition
Got 50 acres of land
VA settlers motivated by material prospects |
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Term
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Definition
3 regions
Mts-Hill country- Piedmont- Coastal Plains
Pop spread out mostly in coastal plains (punctuated by navigable rivers)
80% pop lived within 2 miles of river
--isolation- 3 mile activity space-knew 20 people- direct import/export- few cities develop/ tiny merchant class (middle) |
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Term
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Definition
Low, salty marshlands
-disease rampant
--Malaria (1650)
--Dysentery
--Typhoid Fever
-life expectancy- low '40's vs 60's in NE
16th century 89,000 immigrants (European) by 1700
-NE-23,000 immigrants-1700- 91,000 |
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Term
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Definition
Headright offered/cash crop regions/labor intensive
-headright pd transit to New World self or other-get 50 acres free land- indentured servants 4-7 years- died- malaria, etc
New Labor Pool needed- slavery
1619-1640- first slaves imported-slavery not for life
-Africans were in many cases immune to the tropical diseases that killed off European indentured servants
1640-1660- Move to life/generational enslavement
1660->slavery codified into law- ownable property |
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Term
| Parallel factors that increased slavery |
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Definition
1. white immigration declined-no financial gain
2. Class conflict in America- Bacon Rebellion-1676- White v Blacks- status given in freedom
3. More slave companies |
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Term
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Definition
PA-Holy Experiment (religious tolerance)
All men possess a spark of the divine, an inner light
In order to find/enhance/grow that spark- man should engage in beliefs as a result-
-pacifists
-no slavery-abolitionists
-Indians treated as equals
- no class distinctions
-Women equals |
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