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Colonial History Vocab
apush vocab
34
History
11th Grade
09/12/2016

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Term
Separatist vs. non-Separatist Puritans
Definition
Radical Calvinists against the Church of England; Separatists (Pilgrims) argued for a break from the Church of England, led the Mayflower, and established the settlement at Plymouth
Term
Northwest Passage
Definition
believed to provide shortcut from Atlantic to Pacific, searched for by Giovanni de Verrazano for Francis I in the race to Asian wealth
Term
Conversion Experience
Definition
required of members of the Puritan Church; took the place of baptism required by the Catholic Church
Term
Social Reciprocity
Definition
society naturally punishes criminals indiscriminately
Term
Church of England
Definition
Protestant church led by the king of England, independent of Catholic Church; tended toward Catholicism during reign of Catholic royalty
Term
Atlantic slave trade
Definition
often debtors sold to slave traders by African kings seeking riches; Columbian Exchange
Term
Jamestown
Definition
first permanent English settlement in the Americas (1607), along James River
Term
John Smith
Definition
introduced work ethic to Jamestown colony, sanitation, diplomat to Local Native American tribes; had fought Spanish and Turks
Term
Pocahontas
Definition
key to English-Native American relationship, died in England in 1617
Term
Mayflower Compact
Definition
foundation for self-government laid out by the first Massachusetts settlers before arriving on land
Term
John Winthrop
Definition
Calvinist, devised concept of "city on a hill" ("A Model of Christian Charity"); founded highly successful towns in Massachusetts Bay
Term
"City on a Hill"
Definition
exemplary Christian community, rich to show charity, held to Calvinistic beliefs
Term
Indentured servants
Definition
settlers to pay the expenses of a servant's voyage and be granted land for each person they brought over; headright system
Term
Maryland Act of Religious Toleration (1649)
Definition
mandated the toleration of all Christian denominations in Maryland, even though Maryland was founded for Catholics (but majority was protestant)
Term
James I, Charles I
Definition
reluctant to give colonists their own government, preferred to appoint royal governors
Term
William Penn and the Quakers
Definition
settled in Pennsylvania, believed the "Inner Light" could speak through any person and ran religious services without ministers
Term
Roger Williams
Definition
challenged New Englanders to completely separate Church from State, as the State would corrupt the church
Term
Anne Hutchinson
Definition
challenged New England Calvinist ministers' authority, as they taught the good works for salvation of Catholicism
Term
The Half-Way Covenant
Definition
New Englanders who did not wish to relate their conversion experiences could become half-way saints so that their children would be able to have the opportunity to be saints
Term
Bacon's Rebellion
Definition
rebels felt the governor of Virginia failed to protect the frontier from the Native Americans
Term
Navigation Acts
Definition
only English and American ships allowed to colonial ports; dissent began in 1763
Term
Mercantilism
Definition
ensured trade with mother country, nationalism; too restrictive on colonial economy, not voted on by colonists
Term
Charles II, James II
Definition
tried to rule as absolute monarchs without using Parliament, little to no sympathy for colonial legislatures
Term
William and Mary
Definition
ended the Dominion of New England, gave power back to colonies
Term
Dominion of New England
Definition
combined Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Plymouth (and later Jersey and New York) into one "supercolony" governed by Sir Edmond Andros, a "supergovernor"
Term
The Glorious Revolution
Definition
William and Mary kicked James II out of England (exiled into France), allowed more power to the legislatures
Term
James Oglethorpe
Definition
established colony of Georgia as a place for honest debtors
Term
The Enlightenment
Definition
emphasis on human reason, logic, and science (acquired, not nascent, knowledge); increased followers of Christianity
Term
Benjamin Franklin
Definition
connected the colonies to Britain, opposed to unnecessary unfair taxation; strong influence on Albany Plan
Term
The Great Awakening
Definition
began by Edwards to return to Puritanism, increased overall religious involvement, gave women more active roles in religion, more and more ministers sprouted up throughout the country; mainly affected towns and cities
Term
Deists
Definition
believed that God created the universe to act through natural laws; Franklin, Jefferson, Paine
Term
George Whitefield
Definition
powerful speaker, toured the country and inspired many into Christianity
Term
Jonathon Edwards
Definition
Puritan minister, led revivals, stressed immediate repentance
Term
New Lights vs. Old Lights
Definition
New Lights brought new ideas, rejected by Old Lights; both sought out institutions independent of each other
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