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Cognitive Science CH1
Definitions
33
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
02/25/2010

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Term
action potential
Definition
enough incoming synchronous transmissions allow next neuron to fire
Term
brodmann areas
Definition
based on stains/distribution of neurons.

stains used to show patterns/areas
Term
cytoarchitectonics
Definition
how cortical areas are connected to each other
Term
dura
Definition
skin around brain
Term
white matter
Definition
axons, fiber tracts
Term
grey matter
Definition
cortex
Term
ventricles
Definition
filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Term
sulcus
Definition
valley
Term
gyrus
Definition
ridge
Term
theory
Definition
organized set of principles to explain observed phenomenon
Term
operational definition
Definition
specific way in which a variable is measured/manipulated
Term
confounding variable
Definition
may affect outcome you want but is not of interest to the present study. control group used to prevent it
Term
correlation
Definition
two things happen at the same time
Term
causality
Definition
understanding what causes something to happen
Term
penfield
Definition
performed conscious electrical stimulation
Term
cognition
Definition
variety of higher mental processes
Term
cognitive neuroscience
Definition
tries to explain cog processes in terms of brain based mechanisms
Term
mind body problem
Definition
how can physical substance give rise to our feelings?
Term
dualism
Definition
mind and brain made of different substances (Descartes)
Term
dual aspect theory
Definition
mind and brain are 2 levels of the same thing (spinoza)
Term
reductionism
Definition
mind concepts will be replaced by neurosci (churchland)
Term
aristotle
Definition
brain cooling system, heart cognition
Term
phrenology
Definition
diff in cognition creates diff in skull and brain bumps (gall and spurzheim)
Term
functional specialization
Definition
different regions in the brain special for different fuctions
Term
cognitive neuropsychology
Definition
study of brain damage to find out theory of normal cognition
Term
infoprocessing
Definition
behavior is a sequence of cognitive states (broadbent)
Term
top down processing
Definition
later stages influence earlier ones
Term
parallel processing
Definition
different info processed at the same time
Term
neural net processing
Definition
processing with interconnected nodes
Term
nodes
Definition
info carrying unit of neural net; responds to input
Term
modularity
Definition
certain cog processes ristricted in type info processed (fodor)
Term
domain specificitiy
Definition
cog process/region dedicated to 1 type of info
Term
v1
Definition
neurons respond to stimuli of just 1 visual location (receptive field) and more to lines at a particular orientation (preferred stimulus)
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