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| ____ involves mental processing in which the motor system draws on stored info to plan and produce our own actions AND in which we anticipate/predict/interpret the actions of others |
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Definition
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| ___ is the voluntary displacement of a body part |
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| ____ is a series of movements to achieve a goal |
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perceive -> motor cognition -> action
this describes the ___ |
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Definition
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| _____ says "motor cognition is a bridge between perception and action |
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| taking a single step is an example of ____ |
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Definition
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| walking into the classroom is an example of _____ |
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Definition
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| shared mental representations are active when we ____ and ____ |
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Definition
| when we perform actions and when we observe others performing the same actions |
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| _____ enable us to learn by observation and infer intent |
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Definition
| shared mental representations |
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| ____ explains how watching a movement or action facilitates making a similar motor response oneself |
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Definition
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| ___ are representations of a sequence of movements that are planned in advance of actual performance, necessary to accomplish a goal |
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Definition
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| ____ underlie motor cognition |
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Definition
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| motor programs underlie ____ |
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Definition
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| ____allow us to produce a movement AND reason about consequences of moving in a specific way |
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Definition
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| motor programs rely on ___ |
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Definition
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| more complex actions require |
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Definition
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| ____ = builds motor program to control action; stops neural structures that actually produce movements; uses motor program to guide movements in mental images and real life |
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Definition
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| ____ an intended action without actually producing it can improve actual performance of the action |
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Definition
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| ____ guides motor cognition |
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Definition
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| ____ affects motor imagery |
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Definition
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| physical characteristics of objects and events exert an influence on both ___ and ___ action |
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Definition
| imagined and performed action |
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Term
| when talking about mental rotation, as the rotation angle ___, reaction time ___ |
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Definition
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| ___ is the area of the brain that is active when you imagine rotating objects with your own hands |
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Definition
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| ___ is the area of the brain that is active when you imagine rotating objects all by themselves |
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Definition
| frontal and parietal areas |
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Term
| the ____ is one of the areas of the brain involved in motor processing - controls fine motor movements, sends fiber out to muscles, specific movements like "extend your arm" |
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Definition
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| ____ is one of the areas of the brain involved with motor processing - inputs M1, sets up specific sequences of actions, less specific movements than in M1 like "reach out and grab the cup" |
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Definition
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| ___ is one of the areas of the brain involved in motor processing - sets up and executes action plans, plans for actions like " reach out to drink from the cup and then rinse it" |
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Definition
| supplementary motor cortex (SMC) |
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Term
| when talking about the hierarchical communication lines, the ____ deals with initiation and temporal organization of action |
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Definition
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| when talking about the hierarchical communication lines, the ___ deals with temporal control of action sequences |
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Definition
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| ____ is a neuron that fires both when an animal acts and when the animal observes the same action performed by another |
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Definition
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| mirror neurons in humans are located in the ___ and ___ |
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Definition
| premotor cortex and inferior parietal cortex |
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possible functions of ___ include:
learning by observation, understanding the actions of others as well as their intention and mind, language skills, feeling empathy, etc |
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Definition
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| knowledge about what actions will achieve goals is, in part, obtained through___ |
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Definition
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| ___ = understanding intent of an action and the ability to reproduce the action |
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Definition
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| ___= adopting posture, behavior, mannerism of others without conscious awareness or intent |
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Definition
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during the development of imitation:
newborns can imitate___ |
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Definition
| simple facial expressions |
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Term
during the development of imitation:
6 month old babies can imitate___ |
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Definition
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during the development of imitation:
over time, more complex ___ and __ movements can be imitated and ability to defer imitation over longer periods of time ___ |
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Definition
| facial and body movements; increases |
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during the development of imitation:
infants imitate ___ and ___ |
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Definition
| actions of people (but not objects) and what "makes sense" |
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| ___ involves: a plan to observe movements; a plan to reproduce movements; producing an action to achieve a goal |
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Definition
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| passive observation involves what area of the brain? |
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Definition
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| observation with no intention to imitate involves what areas of the brain? |
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Definition
| SMA, Premotor cortex, middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, superior/inferior parietal lobes |
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Term
| ___ is cause by damage to the left hemisphere |
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Definition
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| apraxia results in impaired ability in _____ and possible _____ |
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Definition
| voluntary movements (especially with objects); language dysfunction (speech production) |
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Term
| humans and animals produce unique patterns of motion that is different from motion of inanimate objects.. this is explained by ___ |
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Definition
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| biological motion has an adaptive function to : |
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Definition
| detect possible predators under low visibility conditions |
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| information about movement of ___ is crucial for perception of biological motion |
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Definition
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| when talking about biological motion , still objects: |
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Definition
| cannot be identified because motion in necessary |
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| 3 month old babies can pick up on___ |
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Definition
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| mechanisms for perceiving biological motion are ___ |
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Definition
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| the ____ area of the brain is important for perception of biological motion |
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Definition
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Term
| anterior and superior of MT (V5) and the posterior portion of the superior temporal sulcus are areas of the brain involved in____ |
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Definition
| biological perception of motion |
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Term
| perceiving actual human motion involves the ___ area of the brain |
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Definition
| left anterior intraparietal sulcus |
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