Term
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Definition
Emotional behaviour and expression
Bodily Responses
Feeling emotions |
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Term
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Definition
Basic emotions - the big five (anger, fear, sadness, disgust, happiness). Paul Ekman - cross cultural studies.
Verbal labels - Scherer and colleagues, 37 countries (anger, fear, sadness, joy, disgust, shame, guilt)
The Dimensional approach - Assumes that the full range of emotional experience can be explained by identifying a few key dimensions (Ortony and Turner, 1990) |
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Term
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Definition
Emotions alter goals - Oatley and Johnson-Laird (1987) - emotion is to signal that ongoing behaviour should be interrupted to take account of a conflicting goal.
Emotions mobilise physiological resources - Yerkes and Dodson (1908)
Emotional expressions as communication - Darwin (1872) - sneer, growl etc
Emotions as information - emotions provide information to guide decision making. Damasio (1996) - Gambling task.
Function of emotional feelings? |
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Term
Important concepts
State and trait emotion |
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Definition
State emotion - how you feel right now
Trait emotion - more stable personality characteristics |
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Term
Important concepts
Processing v manifestation of emotion |
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Definition
Processing - processing emotional material but without emotion being actually experienced
Manifestation - experience of emotion, the feeling state and the expression of that experience through bodily changes and behaviours. |
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Term
| Mood congruent memory (MCM) |
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Definition
| Bower - material being encoded matches current mood state of participant |
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Term
| Mood dependent memory (MDM) |
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Definition
Controversial. Memory for particular stimulus will be better if there is a match between mood at the time of experience and mood at time of recall.
Clinical depression and memory bias. (Teasdale, 1988) |
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Term
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Definition
| MacLeod et al (1986) - High trait anxious individuals more likely to focus attention on negative words |
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Term
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Definition
Eysenck et al (1987) - homophones (words sound the same but spelled differently)
Richards and French (1992) - homographs (words with dual meaning)
High trait anxious individuals show negative bias in interpretation. |
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Term
Does cognition influence emotion?
Historical answers:
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
Schacter-Singer
Appraisal theories today |
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Definition
James-Lange - Emotion because of action rather than as a result of.
Cannon-Bard - physical and emotional changes as a result of stimulus.
Shacter-Singer - cognitive appraisals
Appraisal theory - self reporting (no alternative)
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Term
Cognition/emotion debate
Zajonc
Lazarus
Resolution? |
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Definition
Zajonc - appraisal not necessary for emotion to be experienced. Emotion always precedes cognition. Primacy debate.
Lazarus - Cognitive appraisal essential for experience of emotion.
Resolution - LeDoux (1989, 1996) -lesioned animals supporting Zajonc |
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