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Definition
| Freudian theory that unconsious forces, such as wishes and motives, influences behavior |
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| According to freud, the developmental stages that correspond to the pursuit of satisfaction of libidinal urges |
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Definition
| in psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that is completely submerged in the unconscious and operates according to the pleasure principle |
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Definition
| psychodynamic theory-the internalization of societal and parental standards of conduct |
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Definition
| psychodynamic theory- the component of personality that tries to satisfy the wishes of the id while being resonsive to the dictates of the superego |
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Definition
| unconscious mental strategies the mind uses to protect itself from conflict and distress |
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Definition
| approaches to studying personality that emphasize personal experience and belief systems; they propose that people seek personal growth to fulfill their human potential |
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Definition
| discrete categories based on global personality characteristics |
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Definition
| an approach to studying personality that focuses on the extent to which individuals differ in personality dispositions |
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Definition
| the ideas that personality can be described using five factors: openness to experience, conscientiousness, neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness |
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Definition
| person-centered approaces to studying personality that focus on individual lives and how various characteristics are integrated into unique persons |
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Definition
| approaches to studying personality that focus on how people vary across common traits |
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Definition
| personality tests that examine unconscious processes by aving people interpret ambiguous stimuli |
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Definition
| relatively direct assessments of personality, usually based on information gathered through self-report questionnaires or observer ratings |
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Definition
| the theory that behavior is determined more by situations than by personality traits |
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Definition
| theorists who believe that behavior is determined jointly by underlying dispositions and situations |
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Definition
| biologicaly based tendencies to feel or act in certain ways |
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Term
| behavior approach system (BAS) |
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Definition
| The brain system invovled in the pursuit of incentives or rewards |
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Term
| behavioral inhibition system (BIS) |
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Definition
| the brain system that is sensitive to punishment and therefore inhibits behavior that might lead to danger or pain |
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Definition
| the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors |
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| factors that contribute to the development of a disorder |
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Definition
| the system used in the DSM that provides assessment along five axes describing important mental health factors |
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Definition
| examination of a person's mental state to diagnose possible psychological disorders |
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Term
| Dissociative identity disorder (DID) |
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Definition
| the occurence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual |
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Definition
| a diagnostic model that considers symptoms within an individual as indicating problems within the family |
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Definition
| a diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of the interaction between individuals and their cultures |
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Term
| cognitive-behavioral approach |
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Definition
| a diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of learned, maladaptive cognitions |
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Term
| generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) |
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Definition
| a diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object of event |
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Definition
| an anxiety disorder characerized by sudden overwhelming attacks of terror |
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Definition
| an anxiety disorder marked by fear of being in situations in which escape may be difficult or impossible |
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Term
| obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
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Definition
| an anxiety disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive actions |
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Definition
| a disorder characterized by severe negative moods of a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities |
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Definition
| a form of depression that is not severe enought to be diagnosed as major depression |
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Term
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Definition
| a mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania |
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Term
| learned helplessness model |
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Definition
| a cognitive model of depression in which people feel unable to control events around them |
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Term
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Definition
| a mental disorder characterized by alterations in perceptions, emotions, thoughts, or consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
| symptoms of schizophrenia, such as delusions and hallucinations, that are excesses in behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| symptoms of schizophrenia marked by deficits in functioning such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and movement |
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Term
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Definition
| false personal beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality |
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Term
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Definition
| false sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external source |
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Term
| loosening of associations |
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Definition
| a speech pattern among schizophrenic patients in which their thoughts are disorganized or meaningless |
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Definition
| acting in strange or unusual ways, including strange movement of limbs, bizarre speech, and inappropriate self-care, such as failing to dress properly or bathe |
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Term
| borderline personality disorder |
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Definition
| a personality disorder characterized by identity, affective, and impulse disturbances |
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Term
| antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
| a personality disorder marked by a lack of empathy and remorse |
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Definition
| a developmental disorder involving deficits in social ineraction, impaired communication, and restricted interests |
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Term
| attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |
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Definition
| a disorder characterized by restless, inattentive, and impulsive behaviors |
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Definition
| a goal of some types of therapy; a patient's understanding of his or her own psychological processes |
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Term
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Definition
| the generic name given to formal psychological treatment |
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Definition
| treatment based on medical approaches to illness and to defense |
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Definition
| an empathic approach to therapy; it encourages personal growth through greater self-understanding |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment based on the idea that distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors and emotions |
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Definition
| a therapy that strives to help patients recognize maladaptive thought patterns and replace them with ways of viewing the world that are more in tune with reality |
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Term
| cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) |
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Definition
| a therapy that incorporates techniques from behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy to correct faulty thinking and change maladaptive behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| a behavioral therapy technique that involves repeated exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus or situation |
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Definition
| a pattern of interctions that includes emotional over-involvement, critical comments, and hostility directed toward a patient by family members |
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Definition
| drugs that affect mental processes |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of psychotropic medications used to treat depression |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other disorders that involve psychosis |
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Term
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
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Definition
| a procedure used to treat depression; it involves administering a strong electrical current to the patient's brain |
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Term
| dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) |
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Definition
| a form of therapy used to treat borderline personality disorder |
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Term
| applied behavioral analysis (ABA) |
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Definition
| an intensive treatment for autism based on operant conditioning |
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