Term
| Causes of neonatal bacterial meningitis |
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Definition
1. Strep agalactiae
2. E. coli
3. Listeria monocytogenes |
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Term
| Causes of infant/ childhood bacterial meningitis |
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Definition
1. Strep pneumo
2. Niesseria meningitidis
3. H. influenzae B |
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Term
| Causes of young adult bacterial meningitis |
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Definition
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Term
| Causes of elderly bacterial meningitis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Gram pos diplococci
- Affects peds most
- Virulence factor = capsule
- High mortality rate
-Dx: PMNS up, alpha hemolytic
- Tx: Ceftriaxone + ampicillin
(If resistant: ceftriaxone + vanco)
- vaccine available |
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Term
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Definition
- Gram neg diplococci
- Virulence = capsule
- Affects infants and adolescents
- Sx: headache, fever, stiff neck
- Septicemia in 35% pts
--Petichial rash, thrombosis
--Waterhouse Friedrichsen Syndrome = hemorrhagic necrosis of adrenal, septic shock
- Untreated mortality = 100%
- Dx: inc WBC count, PMNS, grows on chocolate (not BA)
- Tx: ceftriaxon + ampicillin
-- 2 day rifampin chemoprophylaxis for family
- vaccines: not for B strain
-- slight risk for Guillian Barre |
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Term
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Definition
- Gram neg pleomorphic coccobacilli
- Virulence = capsule
- Sx: 1-3 days upper resp infection, fever, headache
-- 5-6 days meningitis, pneumoniae, epiglotidis
- Dx: culture on chocolate agar
- Tx: broad spectrum cephalosporins, ceftriaxone = DOC
-- Rifampin prophylaxis for contacts
- Vaccine for children |
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Term
| Streptococcus agalactiae (i.e. Group B strep) |
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Definition
- Gram pos cocci
- Causes early or late onset meningitis (before or after 7 days life)
- Dx: CAMP test Beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant, antigen in CSF
- Tx: ampicillin + cefotaxime
- Prevention: no vaccine, chemoprophylaxis neonates |
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Term
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Definition
- Gram neg rods
- Lactose pos
- Neonates: acquire during birth or after 2ndary infection at another body site
- associated with premies
- Sx: fever, failure to thrive, abnormal neuro signs, irritable, tense fontanelles, fever
- Dx: culture on MacConkey, indole pos
- Tx: 3rd generation cephalosporins, ceftriexone = DOC
- No vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
- Gram pos rods
- Late onset neonatal disease from mom's diet
- Sx: bulging fontanelle, seizure
- Dx: bugs in CSF, cold selection, CAMP Beta hemolytic
Tx: Ampicillin = DOC + gentamicin
- Prevention: reheat leftovers |
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Term
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Definition
- Gram neg rod
- Lactose non-fermentor
- H2S pos |
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Term
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Definition
- Gram neg rod
- Non fermentor |
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Term
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Definition
- Gram neg rod
- likes damp conditions
- Red pigment at room temp
- Soap scum |
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Term
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Definition
- Adult: home canning
- Infant: honey
- Spreads via spores, anaerobic
- Neurotoxin, heat labile
-- Inhibits ACh
- Sx: adult = weak, dizzy, blurred vision, dry mouth, dilated pupils, *constipation
- Sx: infant: failure to thrive, flaccid paralysis, *constipation
- Dx: clinical presentation and Hx, fecal sample, food source
- Tx: *antitoxin immediately, no antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
- Toxin blocks glycine and GABA release
- Causes tetanus: trismus/lockjaw, irritable, restless, dysphagia
- Dx: normal CSF, need clinical findings
- Tx: supportive care, wound debridement, antimicrobial: metronidazole, penicillin, tetanus immunoglobin, single dose |
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Term
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Definition
- Caused by bacteria and viruses
- Inflammation on meninges, headache, fever, increased lymphocytes
- No bugs in CSF, no direct infection
- Usually mild, runs its course without tx |
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Term
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Definition
- Spirochetes infect CNS
- Tertiary syphilis: CSF WBC count above 20 cells/ ul or reactive VCRL test
- Clinical manifestations
-- Acute meningitis with fever
-- Chronic and progressive symptoms
--Meningitis, dementia decades later
--Periodic convulsions, death
- Dx: nothing definitive; pos CSF VDRL, inc CSF WBC count, decrease glucose, increased protein
- Tx: penicillin G |
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Term
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Definition
- Most common CN palsy in US
- Mild to severe meningitis
- Sx: headache, photophobia, stiff neck, less severe than typical bacterial meningitis
- Chronic meningoencephalitis: more in Europe, abnormal mood, memory, sleep with ataxia, cognitive dysfunction
- Dx: tick bite, Ab titer
- Tx: not very effective, Ceftraxone DOC (Penicillin G alternate) |
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Term
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Definition
* Hawaii
- Obligate aerobic spirochetes
- Risk = animal handlers, farmers
- Clinical disease = aseptic meningitis in 50% pts
- Sx: CN palsies, encephalitis, change consciousness, mild delerium, headache
- Tx: IV penicillin G if severe
-- Doxy, ampicillin, amoxycillin if mild |
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Term
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Definition
- Intracellular bacteria
- Sx: neuropsychiatric, headache, depression, fatigue
- Dx: serology + blood culture, increased WBC count, increased protein, normal glucose
- Tx: Doxycycline + rifampine, corticosteroids for inflammation |
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Term
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
- Acid-fast bacilli, gram pos
- Disseminates from other foci of infection
-- *usually pulmonary
- Sx: gradual onset apathy, anorexia, malaise, photophobia, nuchal rigidity, impaired consciousness
- Tx: Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin is first line
-- All enter CNS |
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Term
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Definition
- Gram pos catalase pos rods (filamentous)
- Sx: AMS, neuro findings related to location brain abscesses, 50% mortality with brain lesion
- Dx: CT or MRI, increased leukocytes and protein, decreased glucose in CNS
- Tx: surgical removal of lesions, sulfonamides for CNS penetration |
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Term
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Definition
- Self-limited encephalitis in 2-4% pts
- Not tx needed
- Sx: confusion, restless, combative, coma |
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Term
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Definition
- Meningitis
- Seizures
- Irritability, ataxia, AMS, coma |
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Term
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Definition
- Neonatal meningitis + brain abscess
- Seizures, lethargy, neuro probs
- Esp in premies |
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