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| object oriented programming |
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places data and operations that pertain to them in an object
data=state(status), methods=behavior |
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| can be thought of as a user-defined type |
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object creation
instance of class=object of class
to make, use new with constructor |
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| like pointers, variables that refer to objects (like arrays) but really only hold a reference |
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| instance variable & instance method |
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| methods and variables in a class specific to each object |
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| special kind of methods invoked to construct an object of a certain class |
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| a constructor without any parameters, if no constructors are defined a default will be implicitly defined by Java |
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separation between client and developer, logical operations/properties of data from implementation of such
ex: public construcots b. private instance variables |
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| program that uses a class by either referencing its data or calling its methods |
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restrict access to data and methods
ex: declare and instance variable as private |
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| class/variable/method can be accessed by any class in the same package |
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| class/variable/method is visible to any class in any package |
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| variables/methods can only be accessed by the declaring class, doesn't apply to the class itself |
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| essentially an array of reference variables |
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| public interface (to a class) |
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| the collection of constructors, accessors, methods, and other public methods |
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Application Programmin Interface
Application Public Interface
Advanced Programming Interface |
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variables +methods
the set of variables and methods for a given object |
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if a variable or method doesn't depend on a specific instance of the class
static==class level |
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| if the local variable has the same name as the class variable then the class variable is hidden/shadowed |
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| different kinds/levels of objects (highest is object itself), methods below inherit those from above unless overridden (which can be useful to make more specific) |
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define an instance method to override the method that would otherwise be inherited
(this method has the same parameter profile as the inherited one) |
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| separate implementation of class from use/interface |
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| who can construct objects of this class/who can import the class |
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| accesses variables/methods of a particular instance of a class |
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extract essential info relevant for a particular purpose and ignore the rest
ex: platos forms |
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build a conceptual barrier around a related collection of things, controls both hiding and visibility of hid in
ex: packing data/methods into objects |
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many shapes
the property of a method to be interpreted differently depending on the context
ex: overriding default methods |
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| how to instantiate an object |
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Definition
| Circle myCircle = new Circle(); |
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Class Circle
{
data fields;
methods;
} |
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| how to make a constructor |
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Definition
Circle (double r)
{
radius=r;
} |
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| making an array of objects actually makes |
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| an array of null pointers, need to fill in individual objects |
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| reference, others are pass-by-value |
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| returns a string representation |
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| returns true if the calling method is the same object as the passed object |
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| overriding v. overloading |
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overriding=define method to override inheritance
overloading=no hierarchy involved |
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| Access Rules: accessors and mutators |
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one or zero per file
only public if has main method |
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| Access Rules: instance variables |
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| Access Rules: constructors |
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| Access Rules: class level members |
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at least one method of each class should be public
often default or public |
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| Types of Access: method, variable, class |
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Definition
Method: who can call a method
Variable: who can refer directly to a variable
Class: who can construct objects of this class or import the class |
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