Extend neck and rotate to affected side then compress straight down

Tests for cervical radiculopathy

Extend the 3rd digit while the hand is relaxed and flick the distal phalanx into flexion

Positive Sign: flexion of the distal phalanx of the thumb

Tests for upper motor neuron lesion, including cervical myelopathy (spinal cord compression)

Patient supine, leg straight, passively flex leg at hip

Positive Sign: Pain in radicular pattern radiating into ipsilateral lower limb

One hand stabilizes scapula, other hand passively forward flexes arm in internal rotation with elbow extended

Tests for: Subacromial shoulder impingement (rotator cuff tendonitis or tear)

Flex shoulder and elbow to 90 degrees with palm facing down passively internaly rotate shoulder maximally

Tests for: subacromial shoulder impingement (rotator cuff tendonitis or tear)

Abduct shoulders to 90 combined with 30 degrees of horizontal adduction from the frontal plan and internally rotate as if emptying can

Tests for: supraspinatus tendonitis

Arms at the sides, elbows flexed to 90 degrees with thumbs up. Provide resistance as patient tries to externally rotate arms

With knee extended push the patella sharply against the femur

Tests for: knee effusion

Knee flexed to 15-30 degree, femur stabilized with one hand while the other hand behidn proximal tibia pulls tibia anteriorly

Tests for: anterior cruciate ligament tear

Stabilize foot. Patient supine with knee flexed to 90 degrees with examiner's hands behind proximal tibia and thumbs on the tibial condyles, proximal tibia is then pulled anteriorly

Tests for: Anterior cruciate ligament tear

Patient supine with hip flexed and knee flexed to 90 degrees with examiner's hands behind proximal tibia and thumbs on the tibial condyles, proximal tibia is pulled anterorly then pushed posteriorly

Tests for: posterior cruciate ligament

Patient supine, knee flexed 30 degrees, examiner places one hand on lateral knee and pushes medially while other hand at ankle pulls laterally

Tests for: medial collateral ligament

Patient supine, knee flexed 30 degrees, examiner places one hand on medial knee and pushes laterally while other hand at ankle pulls medially 

Tests for: lateral collateral ligament

Examiner cups heel in one hand, otherhand with fingers and thumb along medial and lateral joint lines, with the knee flexed past 90 degrees

Medial Meniscus: examiner externally rotates tibia from heel, other hand applies valgus stress at knee as the knee is extended

Lateral Meniscus: examiner internally rotates tibia from heel, other hand applies varus stress at knee as the knee is extended