Term
| Anaerobes of Clinical Significance: |
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Definition
Bacteroides fragilis
Prevotella spp.
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Fusobacterium
Clostridium spp.
- C. perfringens
- C. septicum
- C. tetani
- C. botulinum
- C. difficile
- C. sordellii |
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Term
| Clostridium spp. characteristics: |
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Definition
Endospore-forming GPR; do not sporulate easy.
Often appear Gram negative.
Most common isolate is C. perfringens |
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Term
| Disease states caused by C. perfringens: |
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Definition
Cellulitis; faciitis - no muscle involvement.
Myonecrosis - gas gangrene.
- also caused by C. novyi and C. septicum
- associated with intense pain.
- muscle necrosis with gas.
- shock, renal failure, death.
- rapid progression; life threatening.
Bacteremia.
Frequent skin contaminant. |
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Term
| C. perfringes may be ranked 3rd for what? |
|
Definition
Food-bourne illnesses.
- very common.
- behind Salmonella and S. aureus.
- often associated with meat products. |
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Term
| C. perfringens symptoms from food: |
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Definition
7-15 hours after eating contaminated food:
Crampy diarrhea.
Foamy, foul smelling stools.
Due to sporulation of cells and production of enterotoxin. |
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Term
| Four major lethal toxins produced by C. perfringens: |
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Definition
- Alpha.
- Beta.
- Epsilon.
- Iota.
These are used to determine the type of C. perfringens (A-E) |
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Term
| C. perfringens Type A has what toxin(s)? |
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Definition
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Term
| C. perfringens Type B has what toxin(s)? |
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Definition
All EXCEPT Iota.
- Alpha.
- Beta.
- Epsilon. |
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Term
| C. perfringens Type C has what toxin(s)? |
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Definition
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Term
| C. perfringens Type D has what toxin(s)? |
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Definition
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Term
| C. perfringens Type E has what toxin(s)? |
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Definition
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Term
| All types of C. perfringens produce this toxin: |
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Definition
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Term
| Alpha toxin facts (C. perfringens) |
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Definition
- produced by all C. perfringens types.
- one of the most important toxins
- removes charged head group of phospholipids
- lyses host cells; causes massive hemolysis
- associated with myonecrosis
- increases vascular permeability. |
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