Term
| The superficial part of the skin. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Superficial to deep:
stratum corneum (keratin layer)
stratum lucidum (clear layer)
stratum granulosum (granular layer)
stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer)
Stratum basale (basal cell layer)
lucidum and granulosum may be absent in areas of thin epidermis |
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Term
| Any of the various glands in the dermis of the skin that open into a hair follicle and produce and secrete sebum |
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Definition
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Term
these glands are not associated with hair follicles
they secrete clear, odorless substance that is mainly water and NaCl. Active in thermoregulation of the body. |
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Definition
| sweat glands (eccrine and merocrine) |
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Term
| A keratinized, threadlke outgrowth from the skin. Each consists of a free portion or shaft (scapus pili) and a root (radix pili) embedded within the follicle. |
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Definition
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Term
| cells located in the epidermis that are responsible for producing melanin, a brown pigment that helps filter UV light |
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Definition
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Term
| The layer below the epidermis, which is maily comprised of connective tissue. Has collagen and elastin fibers, blood vessels, lymphatics, cutaneous nerves, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. |
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Definition
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Term
| disease of the dermis are characterized by skin changes such as ___, ___, __, ___. |
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Definition
| papules, nodules, ulcers, atrophy |
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Term
| A solid bump of any color that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter |
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Definition
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Term
| Detatchment of the nail from the nail bed. what are some things that can cause this? |
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Definition
onycholysis:
- excessive exposure to water, soap, detergent, alkalides, cleaning agents
- candida infection, nail hardeners, drug-induced photsensitvitiy
- hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, psoriasis |
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Term
| stratified squamous epithelial cells that comprise skin and mucosa, including oral, esophageal, corneal, conjunctival, and genital epithelia |
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Definition
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Term
| a flat, colored lesion < 2cm in diameter and not raised above the surface of the surrounding skin |
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Definition
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Term
| circumscribed, irregular plaque of edema of the skin. urticarial lesion, slightly reddened, often changing in size and shape and extending to adjacent areas. Usually accompanied by itching. |
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Definition
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Term
a clear fluid filled lesion less than 1 cm in diameter and raised above the surfaceof the surrounding skin. aka blister.
what are some common disorders in which this is found? |
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Definition
vesicle
poison ivy (allergic contact dermatitis)
herpes simplex and zoster
dyshidrosis
vesicular tinea
dermatophytid
dermatitis herpetiformis
milaria
scbies
photosensitivity |
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Term
colored (usually purple) spots < or = to 2 mm on the skin that can either be palpable or non palpable.
what are some examples of these? |
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Definition
petechiae
palpable: vasculitic (circular) or embolitic (irregular)
drugs, infections, polyarteritis nodosa, henoch-schonlein, meningitis, rickettsia
non-palpable: trauma, actinic purpura, capillaritis
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Term
Benign encapsulated growth of the upper portion of the hair follicle that favors the face and trunk and ranges in size from 0.3 cm to several cm. overlying pore or punctum is characteristic. usually doesn't hurt
tx? |
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Definition
epidermal inclusion cyst
tx: none if asymptomatic
I&C, or intralesional triamcinolone acetomide |
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Term
| lobulated, soft, well circumscribed lesion found on trunk, neck, and proximal extremities. tends to be more oval and fluid-filled than an epidermoid cyst. tx? |
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Definition
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Term
| lesion taking the shape of a circle |
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Definition
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Term
| having clusters of vesicles that resemble the skin lesion of some herpes infections |
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Definition
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Term
| dried serum, pus, or blood on the skin seen in diseases in which the skin weeps (eczema, impetigo, seborrhea) |
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Definition
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Term
| thick, leathery skin. usually the result of constant scratching. exaggerated skin markings. bark-like appearance. often due to atopic dermatitis (eczema). |
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Definition
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Term
| erosive or penetrating lesion with focal loss of epidermis AND dermis. Heals with scarring. |
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Definition
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Term
| solid bump of any color that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter |
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Definition
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Term
| solid, elevated lesion that can be flat, pointed or rounded, and can occupy subcu tissue. larger than papules, smaller than tumors. can coalesce into plaques |
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Definition
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Term
| a fluid-filled raised often translucent lesion >0.5 cm in diameter |
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Definition
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Term
| localized circumscribed collection of pus appearing as acute cor chronic localized inflammation with tissue destruction |
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Definition
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Term
| things that can cause an abscess |
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Definition
| dm, kidney dz, aids, cancer, chemo, steroids, sickle cell, pvd, chron's ulcerative colitis, burns trauma, surgery |
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Term
| small, elevated skin lesion filled with wbc and sometimes teria or broken-down cells. in what dz might you see this? |
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Definition
pustule
acne vulgaris, drug rashes
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Term
| represents a flat plate or flaking fromt he outer stratum corneum. often seen in psoriasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| superficial dilated blood vessels on the skin. usually meaningless but may be associated with several diseases. |
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Definition
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Term
| papules (warts) on the skin or mucous membranes usually no larger than 1 cm diameter |
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Definition
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Term
What dz?
papules caused by papilloma virus
found on hands and feet primarily
how would you treat it? |
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Definition
verrucous (warts)
SA preps, electrocautery, cryotherapy, mediplast, liquid nitrogen, podophyllum resin, imiquimod, removal |
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Term
| aluminum acetate topical and used to treat insect bites, rashes caused by poison ivy and sumac, swelling, allergies, and bruises. typically applied in a cold compress over the affected area. also ued as a drying agent for weepy dermatosis |
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Definition
| burrow's solution/compress |
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Term
| a staining technique for the perlimiary identification of bacteria. will tell if the bacteria being stained is gram positive or negative bug does not indicated the exact microorganism that is causing the infection. the positive or negative indicates what kind of antibiotics should be used to treat the skin infection |
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Definition
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Term
| a cytologic technique most often used in the diagnosis of herpes virus infections. early vesicles are scraped with a scalpel. multinucleated epithelial cells suggest HSV or VZV. rarely used anymore. |
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Definition
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Term
| black light used to identify certain skin disorders such as erythrasma, pseduomonas, tinea capitis, vitiligo, tinea versicolor, tuberous sclerosis |
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Definition
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Term
assesses whether a skin lesion will blanch with pressure and is useful in evaluation of erythema vs purpura.
which will blanch? urticaria or necrotizing vasculitis? |
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Definition
diascopy
uricaria will blanch (erythema)
vasculitis will not (purpura) |
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Term
| used to detect a fungal infection to determine which specific fungus is present. scrape scaly skin and place it on a slide with drops of this solution then gently heat the slide and examine the contents under microscope |
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Definition
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Term
| biopsy procedure in which a circular disposable instrument ranging in size from 2-10mm with a sharp cutting edge that takes a core fragment of skin. sample includes epidermis dermis and subcu. |
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Definition
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Term
| procedure done for suspecion of syphilis or other spirochetes. will show up as a while organism on a dark background. |
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Definition
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Term
| the most common of all skin conditions |
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Definition
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Term
polymorphic open or close comedone, papules, pustules, and cysts. activated by androgens. caused by plugging of sebaceous glands, retention of sebum, overgrowth of acne bacillus and the accumulation of fatty acids.
ss: soreness, pain, itching. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
based on severity and sequelae. scarring > nonscarring.
1. topical retinoids (Retin-A Micro/Tretinoin)
2. benzoyl peroxide
3. Abx
4. comedo extraction |
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Term
| contraindications for retin-a micro and tretinoin |
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Definition
| pregnancy & photosensitivity |
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Term
| papular or cystic inflammatory acne tx |
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Definition
mild: topical erythromycin or clindamycin wtih benzoyl peroxide
moderate: oral tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline. recheck in 6 weeks and 3 mos then taper oral meds down to low dose and use topical with oral to keep pt clear
Severe: can use accutane/isotretinoin but pt must be monitored for liver enzymes and pregnancy. intralesional injection or laser/dermabrasion
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Term
| silvery white flaky scaling disorder comprising 1.5-2% of the population, most commonly found on the scalp, knee,s elbows (extensor surfaces), and palms. due to altering of keratinocytes, results in shortening of the cell cycle and thus 28x the normal production of epidermal cells. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
dependent upon age, type, site and extent of involvement
phototherapy
coal tar
potent steroids
topical retinoids
psoralen with UVA
Oral systemic tx (soriatine, methotrexate, cyclosporin)
TNF inhibitors (remicaid/infliximab, enbrel/etanercept, humira/adalimumab)
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Term
mild, acute, inflammatory eruption of unknown etiology. not contagious. more common in spring and fall.
2 cm annular lesion called a herald patch, followed by an eruption with christmas tree distribution |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
usually none
erythromycin and azithromycin
corticosteroid cream and oral antihistamines for itching
UVB |
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Term
|
Definition
wet dressing
topical glucocorticoids or calcinurin inhibitors
oral abx/antifungals or steroids
elevation, exercise
compression stockings
diuretics
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Term
common chronic dermatosis characterized by redness and scaling occurring in areas on the skin in which the sebaceous glands are most active: face, scalp, body folds, presternal
known as "cradle cap" in infants |
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Definition
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Term
| Tx for seborrheic dermatitis |
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Definition
management plan including drugs, diet, and therapy
steroid shampoos: zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, coal tar
2% ketoconazole shampoo
antidandruff shampoos
high-potency glucocorticoids on scalp (NOT face)
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Term
| pruritic exudative lichenified eruption on face, neck, trunk, wrists, hands, antecubital, and popliteal folds often due to prolonged itching/irritation and overdrying/bathing. |
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Definition
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Term
tx for atopic dermatitis.
weeping, subacute/scaly, chronic/dry, severe, and maintanece |
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Definition
all: corticosteroid ointments 1-2x daily
weeping: water or aluminum subacetate solution or colloidal oatmeal wet dressing 10-30 min, 2-4x daily
subacute/scaly: mild to high potency corticosteroid ointment
chronic, dry, lichenified: high potency corticosteroid ointments
severe: oral prednisone
maintanence: constant moisturizers |
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Term
skin reactions caused by poison ivy, oak, sumac, topically applied drugs, jewelry, etc
acute phase characterized by tiny vesicles and weepy crusted lesions.
chronic phase presents with scaling, erythema, possible thickened skin |
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Definition
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Term
| Allergic dermatitis treatment |
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Definition
systemic corticosteroids (mainly)
topical steroids - floucinonide (occassionally) |
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Term
| paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by dark, velvety, thickened skin in body folds and creases. more common in african americans |
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Definition
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Term
| contagious and autoinnoculable infection of the skin caused by staph or strep and characterized by macules, vesicles, bulla, with purulent discharge. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
soaks and scrubbing
topical bacitracin, mupirocin, retapumulin
Systemic: cephalexin and doxycycline |
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Term
| complication of bullous impetigo |
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Definition
| staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome |
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Term
| acute vesicular eruption that results from reactivation of latent vzv from dorsal root ganglia. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
prevention via vaccination
immunocompetent pt: oral acyclovir, famciclovir, prednisone
Immunocompromised: oral acyclovir, fmaciclovir or valacyclovir
calamine or starch may help lesions |
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Term
| most common dermatomes for zoster to develop |
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Definition
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Term
Obligate human pathogen that causes distinctive proliferative skin lesions that measure 2-5 mm in diameter, are pearly flesh colored, dome shaped, and umbilicated wtih a characteristic dimple at the center
is a poxvirus and is transmitted via close contact, sexual contact, or swimming pools |
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Definition
| mulloscum contagiosum virus |
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Term
|
Definition
difficult
cryotherapy, curreting or light electrosurgery
difficult to eradicate in immunocompromised |
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Term
| sessile, dome-shaped and usually about 1 cm cutaneous neoplasms caused by papilloma virus. most commonly found on fingers, hands, and soles of feet. no sx usually associated. |
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Definition
| verruca vulgaris (typical wart) |
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Term
|
Definition
50% resolve on their own in two years
removal via liquid nitrogen, keratolytic agents (salicylic acid), podophyllum resin, laser therapy, injection of bleomycin
immunotherapy (squaric acid dibutylester)
hot water soaks |
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|
Term
edematous, expanding, erythematous, warm plaque with or without vesicles or bullae that includes dermis and subcu tissue. usually on lower extremities due to gram pos cocci (strep and s. aureus).
sx: tender and progressively enlarging patch. sometimes systemic sx such as fever, chills, and malaise |
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Definition
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Term
| complication of cellulitis |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
parentaral or IV abx for 2-5 days
hospitilization often required, esp if MRSA suspected
enteral abx following parenteral |
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Term
strep pyogenes infection of the superficial dermis and consists of well-demarcated, erythematous, edematous, warm, plaques. classically begins as a bright red spot on the cheeks or nose. progresses rapidly with margins advancing noticably in days or hours.
pain, chills, fever, and systemic toxicity can occur if not treated quickly
flaccid bullae may develop during the second or third day
skin often has peau d'orange texture
Labs: leukocytosis present, blood cx may be positive |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bed rest
IV abx against staph and strep for first 48 hours
7 day course of PCN (vanc, dicloxacillin, ceph)
desquamation of skin occurs after 5-10 days |
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|
Term
superficial skin infection caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes. is NOT yeast. infect hari, skin, nails and include members of trichophyton, microsporun, and epidermophyton.
Presentation: erythema, slight elevation on the periphery. leading edge scale (should be scale where the red is), may show vesicles or pustules if the hair follicles are involved or if topical steroids have been used frequently
sx: may or may not be pruritis and burning |
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Definition
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Term
infection of the relatively hairless skin of the body (glabrous skin) and may have a variable appearance depending on the extent of the associated inflammatory reaction
sx: annular rash with rings of erythema that have any advancing scaly border and a central clearing. may have itching and deep inflammatory nodules or granulomas |
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Definition
|
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Term
| possible complication of ring worm |
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Definition
|
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Term
| possible complication of ringworm that is a deep dermatophyte folliculitis of the hair follicles on the body. looks like acne. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NOT iotrasone
azole creams |
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Term
fungal infection that presents as a scaling, erythematous eruption sparing the scrotum. may be associated wtih tinea pedis.
sx: itching may be severe or could be asymptomatic
lesions have sharp margins, clear centers, and active spreading scaly peripheries. pustules sometimes present |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| most common dermatophyte infection |
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Definition
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|
Term
fungal dermatophyte infection of the feet caused by trichophyton species characterized by variable erythema, edema, scaling, pururitis, and occasionally vesiculation.
may have itching, burning, or stinging.
usually involves the space between the 4th and 5th toes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
subtypes of tinea pedis:
___:
___: dry all around the sides of the foot
___: needs to be scraped |
|
Definition
interdigital
mocassin
bullous |
|
|
Term
dermatophyte infection of the scalp, often seen in inner city children. caused by t. tonsurans
sx: mild scale and hair loss that is diffuse or localized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| KOH prep from skin scrapings, nail scrapings, or hair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
topical azoles or allylamines
oral antifungals for recalcitrant disease, diffuse corporis, facii, majocci's granuloma, and follicular involvement |
|
|
Term
superficial skin infection caused by yeast. often noticed by pts because skin becomes hypopigmented (won't tan) OR is hyperpigmented.
sx: hypo/hyperpigmented skin.
possibly itching.
velvety, tan, pink, or white macules that vary 4-5 mm to large confluent areas
often found in trunk, upper arms, neck, and groin |
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Definition
|
|
Term
which is tinea versicolor and which is vitiligo?
total hypopigmentation without scaling
areas of hypopigmentation with scaling |
|
Definition
vitiligo
tinea versicolor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
selenium sulfide
topical or oral azoles
|
|
|
Term
deep-seated infection (abscess) caused by S. aureus and involves the entire hair follicle and ajdacent subcu tissue (pilosebaceous unit).
sx: pain
rounded or conical lesion that gradually enlarges and then softens and opens spontaneously to drain a core of necrotic tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clinical
gram stain/culture
CBC: leukocytosis
R/O MRSA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I & D +/- systemic abx (dicloxacillin or cephalexin)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large blunt hyphae and thick-walled budding spores ("spaghetti and meatballs") on KOH |
|
|
Term
infestation of the scalp by pediculus humanus
sx: scalp pruritis, cervical and/or occipital lymphadenopathy, pyoderma
scalp exam: oval, gray-white eggs that are 1 cm long and cemented to hairs, clear bugs that hang onto hairs, excoriations and crusts on scalp |
|
Definition
| head lice (pediculosis capitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shampoos: malathion, RID or Nix (cream for 8 hours, rinse for 10 min)
Mechanical: remove nits via metal comb daily
oral abx
remove fomites |
|
|
Term
infestation of the pubic hair by pediculosis pubis
sx: itching
sky-blue macules or erythematous papules over inner thighs and lower abdomen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
infestation of the skin via pediculosis corporis
sx: itching, esp over shoulders, posterior flanks,a nd neck |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
several furuncles developing in adjoining hair folicles and coalescing into a conglomerate, deeply situation mass with multiple drainage points
sx: pain, tenderness
rounded or conical abscess that enlarges, becomes fluctuant, and then softens and opens spontaneously after a few days to 2 weeks t odischarge a core of necrotic tissue and pus
often occurs in areas of friction and sweating, most commonly at the nape of the neck |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
usually clinical
gram stain, esp to R/O MRSA
WBC - leukocytosis (rarely) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
incision and drainage
abx (dicloxacillin or cephalexin)
moist heat to help lesions loacalize |
|
|
Term
skin penetration and migration of various nematode worm parasites (larva of hookworms), picked up at beaches or sandboxes or in crawlspaces. mostly found in areas of poor sanitation
sx: papules followed by a serpinginous, erythematous, papular and vesicular lesion that correspond to movements of the larva beneath the skin... often on the foot or buttock
pruritis, redness, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, penumonitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dx of cutaneous larva migrans |
|
Definition
clinical
cbc shows eosinophilia (high eosinophil) |
|
|
Term
| tx for cutaneous larva migrans |
|
Definition
self limiting in 4-6 weeks
thiabendazole topically QID for 1 week
oral antifungals for widespread lesions or failed topical tx
antihistamines for pruritis
occlusive dressings |
|
|
Term
papulosquamous disorder in which the primary lesions are pruritic, polygonal, flat-topped, violaceous, papules
also, gray lines (Wickham's striae) are typically found on wrists, shins, lower back, and genitalia
can present in mucosa as white net-like eruption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most pts spontaneously remit within 6 mos to 2 years
topical glucocorticoids |
|
|
Term
autoimmune sub-epidermal blistering usually seen in the elderly.
lesions: tight blisters that are distributed over lower abdomen, groin, and flexor surfaces of lower extremities
oral lesions: 10-40%.
itching may come and go
lesions tend to rupture and be replaced by flaccid lesions and erosions , possibly crusting
pts have HLA-DQB1*0301 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clincal
lesions may have leukocytic inflitrate with eosiniophila |
|
|
Term
| tx for bullous pemphigoid |
|
Definition
may last mons to years
systemic glucocorticoids (mainly)
topical glucocorticoids (for limited dz)
immunosuppressants for extensive dz |
|
|
Term
| appearance of lesions in areas of trauma seen in psoriasis and lichen planus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is folliculitis of the head and neck |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal emergency associated wtih skin tags (acrochordons), seborrheic keratosis, and acanthosis nigricans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| widespread rash, usually associated with drug or allergic reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deposition of yellowish cholesterol-rich material due to hyperlipidemia |
|
Definition
|
|
