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Clinical Lab Abnormal Values
Abnormal Values
70
Medical
Graduate
12/03/2011

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Cards

Term
Elevated WBCs
Definition
Bacterial infections, inflammation, Leukemia, trauma, intense exercise, stress
Term
Low WBCs
Definition
Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, diseases of the immune system, viral infection
Term
Increased Lymphocytes
Definition
Viral infections, leukemia, cancer of bone marrow, radiation therapy
Term
Decreased Monocytes
Definition
bone marrow injury or failure, some leukeia
Term
Increased Eosinophils
Definition
Allergic reactions, inflammation of teh skin, parasitic infections, bone marrow disorders
Term
High RBC
Definition
Dehydration, congenital heart disease, pulmonary disease, tissue hypoxia
Term
Low RBC
Definition
Acute or chronic (types of anemia) blood loss
Term
High Hemoglobin
Definition
Excess production of RBCs in bone marrow, dehydration, severe lung disease
Term
Low Hemoglobin
Definition
Iron, folate and B12 deficiencies, defects (sickle cell anemia), enzyme defects, cirrhosis, excessive bleeding, destruction of RBCs, kidney disease, bone marrow disease
Term
High Hematocrit
Definition
Dehydration, bone marrow problems, inadequate lung function
Term
Low Hematocrit
Definition
Anemia, vitamin or  mineral deficiencies, cirrhosis, bleeding
Term
High MCV
Definition
Larger than normal RBCs, B12 deficiency anemia
Term
Low MCV
Definition
Smaller than normal RBCs, iron deficiency anemia or thalassemias
Term
High MCHC
Definition
Hemoglobin abnormally concentrated in RBCs (burn patients, hereditary spherocytosis)
Term
Low MCHC
Definition
Hemoglobin abnormally diluted in RBCs (iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia)
Term
High Reticulocyte Count
Definition
Bleeding, hemolytic anemia
Term
Low Reticulocyte Count
Definition
Iron deficiency anemia, folic acid deficiency, aplastic anemia, radiation therapy, bone marrow failure
Term
High Platelet Count
Definition
Healthy or myeloproliferative disorder, possible thromboembolism 
Term
Low Platelet Count
Definition
Bleeding problems, gram-negative sepsis, autoimmune disorders, certain drugs
Term
High Chloride
Definition
Dehydration, Cushing Syndrome, kidney disease, metabolic acidosis 
Term
Low Chloride
Definition
CHF, prolonged vomiting, emphysema and other chronic lung disease, metabolic alkalosis, kidney malfunction
Term
High Bicarb
Definition
Vomiting, COPD, Cushing Syndrome, metabolic alkalosis
Term
Low Bicarb
Definition
Addison's, chronic diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, kideny disease, ASA overdose
Term
High Potassium
Definition
Kidney failure, Addison's, tissue injury, infection, dehydration, diabetes
Term
Low Potassium
Definition
GI disorders, Tylenol overdose, insulin
Term
High Sodium
Definition
Dehydration
Term
Low Sodium
Definition
Edema, Addison's, diarrhea, kidney disease
Term
High Glucose
Definition
Acromegaly, acute stress, kidney failure, Cushing Syndrome, hyperthyroidism, pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, excessive food intake
Term
Low Glucose
Definition
Adrenal insufficiency, excessive alcohol, liver disease, hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, insulin overdose, insulinomas, starvation
Term
High ALT
Definition
Hepatitis, cirrhosis
Term
High ALP
Definition
Obstructed bile ducts, liver cancer, bone disease
Term
High AST
Definition
Hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, MI, muscle injury
Term
High Bilirubin
Definition
Hemolytic or sickle cell anemia, blockage of liver or bile ducts, hepatitis, cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, liver trauma
Term
High GGT
Definition
Bile duct and liver disease, alcohol, CHF
Term
High LDH
Definition
Liver disease, tissue damage, hemolytic anemia, stroke, alcohol, infarction, kidney disease
Term
High BUN
Definition
Impaired kidney function (disease, damage, failure), CHF, shock, stress, MI, dehydration
Term
Low BUN
Definition
Severe liver disease, malnutrition
Term
High Creatinine
Definition
Damage to blood vessels around kidney, bacterial infection of kidney, kidney stones, reduced blood flow to kidneys
Term
Increased Bleeding Time
Definition
Blood vessel defect, platelet aggregation defect, thrombocyopenia
Term
High D-dimer
Definition
Possible thrombus formation (DVT or DIC)
Term
High Protein
Definition
chronic inflammation or infections (viral hepatitis or HIV), bone marrow disorders
Term
Low Protein
Definition
Liver disorders, kidney disorders, malnutrition, celiac disease
Term
Positive RF
Definition
Possible RA or Sjogren's; many other conditions
Term
High TSH, low/normal T4 and T3
Definition
Hypothyroidism
Term
Low TSH, normal/high T4 and T3
Definition
Hyperthyroidism
Term
High Complement
Definition
Certain infections, chronic and acute inflammation, cancer, ulcerative colitis
Term
Low Complement
Definition
Cirrhosis, glomerulonephritis, hereditary angioma, hepatitis, kidney transplant rejection, lupus nephritis, malnutrition, SLE
Term
High Immunoglobulins
Definition
Acute and chronic infections, autoimmune disorders (RA, SLE, Scleroderma), cirrhosis, chronic inflammation disorders, hyperimmunization rejections, multiple myeloma
Term
Low Immunoglobulins
Definition
Acquired deficiencies, drugs
Term
Positive ELISA
Definition

HIV OR Lyme, syphilis, SLE

 

Term
Positive Western Blot (after positive ELISA)
Definition
Confirms HIV
Term
High Calcium
Definition
Hyperparathyroidism, cancer, hyperthyroid, sarcoid, TB
Term
Low Calcium
Definition
Low blood protein, hypoparathyroidism, malnutrition, alcohol, decreased dietary calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus 
Term
High Phosphorus
Definition
Kidney failure, hypoparathyroidism
Term
Low Phosphorus
Definition
Hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism, diuretics, malnutrition, alcohol, osteomalacia
Term
Non-Inflammatory Synovial Fluid
Definition
200 - 2000 WBCs
Term
Inflammatory Synovial Fluid
Definition
2000 - 75,000 WBCs, > 50 Polys
Term
Septic Synovial Fluid
Definition
> 100,000 WBCs, > 75 Polys
Term
Hemorrhage Synovial Fluid
Definition
BLOOD
Term
High Uric Acid
Definition
Gout, multiple myeloma, metastatic cancer, leukemia, diet high in purines
Term
Low Uric Acid
Definition
Liver disease, kidney disease, chronic alcohol use
Term
Obstructive FEV1/FVC Ratio
Definition
Decreased
Term
Restrictive FEV1/FVC Ratio
Definition
Normal
Term
Obstructive TLC
Definition
Normal or Increased
Term
Restrictive TLC
Definition
Decreased, < 80% predicted
Term
Pseudorestrictive TLC
Definition
 Decreased, > 80% predicted
Term
pH < 7.35, PaCO2 > 45
Definition
Respiratory Acidosis
Term
pH > 7.45, PaCO2 < 35
Definition
Respiratory Alkalosis
Term
pH < 7.35, HCO3 < 22
Definition
Metabolic Acidosis
Term
pH > 7.45, HCO3 > 26
Definition
Metabolic Alkalosis
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