Term
| What is a clear liquid diet and why might you give it? |
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Definition
Not enough calories: so temporary!
1) Water, broth and plain gelatin mostly
- fruit juices without pulp
- clear sodas
- Honey
- Ensure Clear
2) Remove residue (tests, procedures, surgeries) for GI tract or not strain it (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, obstruction) |
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Term
| What is a full liquid diet and why might you give it? |
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Definition
1) Diary, kefir, soup, ice cream, grits, cream of wheat2)
2) Typically given following clear liquid diet as bridge to soft diet
- After GI surgery |
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Term
| What are the 2 available types of soft diets? |
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Definition
1) Bland soft diet
- Post-surgery or GI issue (IBD)
2) Mechanical soft diet
- pureed, processed, ground or blenderized foods given for chewing issues
- Neuro (ALS, MS, stroke)
- Poor dentition
- Surgery for H & N cancer |
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Term
| What diet should be prescribed for a patient with ALS? |
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Definition
Mechanical soft diet
No restrictions on fat, fiber, spice, JUST TEXTURE because of chewing issue |
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Term
| Who gets an Elemental diet? |
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Definition
Basic forms of macronutrients, without fiber or full protein, decreasing fecal bulk and need for pancreatic and biliary secretions
1) GI disease (CD) complicated by stricture/fistulae
2) Severe digestion/absorption issues
3) Short gut
4) Hepatic failure
5) Pre/post-operative |
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Term
| How does a low-residue differ from an elemental diet? |
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Definition
| Elemental contains NO fiber or full protein, while low-residue seeks to decrease transit time and fecal mass by maintaing <10-15 fiber g/d (less severe) |
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Term
| What is a typical diabetic diet? |
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Definition
Low calories/fat with whole grains, legumes, vegetables and fruit (high fiber)
1) Healthy CHO
- Resistant starches that are not broken down to glucose (legumes)
- scheduled regularly to avoid fluctuations
- sugar alcohols have less calories, but can cause diarrhea
2) Eat breakfast to increase metabolism
3) Consistent meal times
4) Same CHO at particular meal each day (30-45g per meal) and spread them out.
5) Choose high fiber foods and resistant starch |
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Term
| Why should diabetics avoid saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol and sodium? |
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Definition
DM increases risk of MI and stroke by accelerating athersclerosis development.
Choose foods that are high in fiber and have low glycemic index (prevent fluctuations) |
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Term
| What is the major challenge posed by the renal diet for CKD? |
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Definition
MUst limit fluids, eat low-protein, restrict ions and get enough calories to prevent weight-loss.
Issue is limiting protein means focusing on fats/CHO, and since many CKD patients have DM, they also have to monitor CHO
Stages 1-4 need 0.6-0.75 g/kg, >50% high biological value
Stage 5 (dialysis) need 1.2 g/kg, >50% HVB |
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Term
| What is the ornish program for heart disease? |
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Definition
Lower in fat, calorie restricted and supplemented with omega 3 FA in form of fish oil.
This particular program restricts:
- animal products
- dietary fat
- refined carbohydrates. |
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Term
| What are the basics of the "Atkin's diet"? |
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Definition
"Dangerous and lacks credibility"
High fat, high protein, very low-CHO
"Ketogenic diet" in 4 stages, where body burns fat instead of glycogen for energy
Stage 1: 2 weeks of CHO 15-20g/day
Stage 2-3: 15-40g CHO a day
Stage 4: Maintenance at 40-60 g/d |
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Term
| What are the basics of the "South beach diet"? |
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Definition
Ketogenic diet similar to Atkin's in low CHO, but
1) Encourages heathly fats
2) Encourages low-sugar carbs instead of looking at grams |
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