Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bluish coloration to skin as a result of dyspnea |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased blood flow to the heart, leads to myocardial infarction |
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Term
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Definition
| Chest pain usually due to ischemia |
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Term
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Definition
| Hardening of artery caused by cholesterol plaques |
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Term
| 5 General Classifications of Cardiac Disease |
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Definition
Congenital Heart Disease
Congestive Heart Failure
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Infective Heart Disease |
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Term
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Definition
Symptoms
ECG
Cardiac Markers |
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Term
| What % is ECG diagnostic? |
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Definition
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Term
| For proper diagnosing and monitoring, you should run at least how many markers as well as look for serial changes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Muscle protein that facilitates the entry of oxygen into muscle cells
Rapidly released from damaged muscles |
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Term
| Myoglobin begins to rise _____ hours post AMI |
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Definition
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Term
| Myoglobin clears the glomerulus post AMI and returns to normal by _____ hours |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Myoglobin a reliable indicator of AMI in patients with renal disease or skeletal muscle trauma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Myoglobin a good indicator of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle protein that regulates contractions |
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Term
| What Cardiac Marker is the Most specific and Sensitive for Myocradial injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| Troponin I peaks at ___ hours; persists for ___ ____ post AMI |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Troponin I found in normal healthy serum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Troponin T peaks at ____ hours and remains elevated for _____ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What Cardiac Marker is useful for diagnosing patients who delayed seeking medical attention? |
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Definition
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Term
| CKMB peaks at ___ hours and returns to normal within ___ hours |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Increased levels of CKMB are also seen in some muscle diseases |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| To differentiate cardiac vs non-cardiac CKMB |
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Term
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Definition
| (CKMB Total / Total CK) x 100 |
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Term
| CKMB Relative Index >3 is indicative or what? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
CKMB Relative Index is useful only when Both Total CK and CKMB are Elevated |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sensitive marker for Chronic Inflammation |
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Term
| Mild baseline elevations of hs-CRP in "healthy" people is associated with high risk for what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cytokine secreted by T cells and macrophages |
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Term
| Is Interleukin-6 a sign of inflammation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What substances are needed to eliminate homocysteine? |
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Definition
| B vitamins and folic acid |
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Term
| Deficiencies in Vitamins B and folic acid contribute to what? |
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Definition
| Accumulation of homoecyteine |
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Term
| There is a link between high homocysteine levels and ____ __ __ ___, causing ____ and the formation of blood clots |
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Definition
damage to the arteries
atherosclerosis |
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Term
| List 2 new markers that are under development |
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Definition
Fibrinogen
D-dimer
Other new markers |
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Term
| B natriuretic peptide (BNP) & N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by cardiac ventricles to stimulate urinary excretion of sodium |
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Term
| BNP and NT-ProBNP are increased in diseases characterized by what? |
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Definition
| Expanded fluid volume not associated with necrosis |
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Term
| What illness is an example of when BNP and NT-ProBNP are elevated? |
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Definition
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Term
| The higher the level of BNP and NT-ProBNP, the _____ the prognosis |
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Definition
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