1. Universal-risk factors of the general population

2. Selective targeting subpopulations at higher risk than    general population for development

3. Indicative-high-risk individuals showing slight symptoms

Mood Disorders

Depressive Disorders

Bipolar Disoders

Major Depressive Disorder (single/recurrent)

Dysthymic Disorder

Depressive Disorder Not Otherwise Specified

Bipolar I

Bipolar II

Cyclothymic Disorder

Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified

5 or more during same two-week period:

-Depressed mood MOST of the day nearly EVERY day

- Markedly diminished interest in pleasure in (almost) all activities most of/nearly every day

And at least 1 of 7 symptoms must be present:

- Insomnia/ hypersomnia

- Anhedonia nearly every day

- Feeling of excessive or inappropriate worthlessness and/or guilt almost every day

- Recurrent thoughts of death

Sadness

Interest

Guilt

Energy

Concentration

Appetite

Psychomotor Agitation

Suicidality

Medication: Antidepressants

-Tricyclic Antidepressants

-Monamine Antidepressants

-Serotonergic Reuptake Inhibitors

-Correcting cognitive errors and substituting depressive thoughts with those that are more realistic

-Reactivate patients, getting them involved with more fulfilling activities

-Help clients more accurately appraise negative thoughts about the self, others, and world around them

-Single manic episode

- Most recent episode mixed

-Most recent episode depressed

Recurrent Major Depressive Episodes with Hypomanic Episodes

-Lithium

-Need for psychological interventions to manage interpersonal and practical problems

-Family therapy

- Infants of depressed mothers likely to show depressive behaviors

- Mood disorders are seimlar between children and adults, unlike anxiety disorders, but look of depression changes with age

-Bipolar disorder rare in children, onset is usually teens

-estimated that 20% of nursing home patients may experience major depressive episode

-Late onset depressions associated with marked sleep difficulties, hypochondriasis and agitation

-Difficult to diagnose, associated with other medical illnesses or dementia

-Suicide rates higher

Panic Disorder (with or without agoraphobia)

-Agoraphobia (with or wihtout panic disorders)

-Specific Phobia

-Generalized Anxiety Disorder

-Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Phobia)

-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

-Acute Stress Disorder

-Discrete period of intense fear or discomfort

- 4+ symptoms of a given 13 include

    - Pounding/ accelerated heart beat

- Trembling/ shaking

- Shortness of breath

-Abdominal destress

-Marked distress when individual is in place or situation in which escape may be difficult or embarassing or where help is unavailable in the event of having a panic attack or panic symptoms

-Situations are avoided, very distressing, require a companion

-Recurrent and unexpected attacks (at least 2 out of the blue)

-At least 1 of attacks has been followed by a minimum of one month of symptoms:

1. Persistant concern of having an attack

2. Worry about the implications of the attack and its consequences

3. Significant range in behavior related to attacks

Excessive anxiety and apprehensive expectation, occuring more days than not, for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities

- Person finds it difficult to control their worry

-The anxiety and worry are associated with 3+ of the 6 symptom (with at least some of them present for more days than not in the past 6 months)

-Restless, on edge

- Easily fatigued

-Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank

-Irritability

1. 400 different forms of psychotherapy

2. Ethical obligation

3. Moves field forward

4. Provide important insights into validity of theory that underlie therapy under investigation