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Clin Lab
Sheer awesomeness
49
Biology
Graduate
06/10/2009

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Cards

Term
What does a CBC do?
Definition
Determines general composition of all formed elements of the blood.
Term
What does a CBC measure?
Definition
WBC, Platelets, RBC, H/H, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC differentials
Term
White blood cell normal range value
Definition
4.4-11
Term
WBC differential
Definition
Looks at the different kinds of WBC as a percentage of the total number of cells counted. the 2 types are:
Granulocytic and agranulocytic
Term
Types of WBC
Definition
Bands
Segmented neutrophils (segs)
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Term
Bands
Definition
1-3%
Immature and ineffective cells
"shift to left"
Indicative of a bacterial infection
Term
Segmented neutrophils (segs)
Definition
50-62%
A significant bacterial infection is the main reason for an increase in neutrophils
Term
Eosinophils
Definition
1-4%
Allergies and parasites
Active early in allergic reactions, respond in later inflammation
Term
Basophils
Definition
0-1%
Parasites, infections, tumors
Term
Monocytes
Definition
0-5%
Severe infections
Term
Lymphocytes
Definition
25-45%
Viral infections
Migrate to site of infection
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition
Males 14-17.5
Females 12.3-15.3
Term
Hematocrit
Definition
Males-41.5-50.4
Females-35.9-44.6
Ratio of volume of RBC to that of whole blood
Term
MCV
Definition
Mean Corpuscular Volume
Average volume of red blood cells
Term
MCH
Definition
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
Weight of hemoglobin of the average red cell
Term
MCHC
Definition
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
measure of the conc. of Hb in the RBC
Term
Reticulocyte count
Definition
Not part of the routine CBC
Immature RBC's. Elevated after hemorrhage or anemia. Used to measure the appropriateness of bone marrow response to anemia.
Term
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate)
Definition
Measures the rate at which RBCs settle out of anticoagulation blood in 1 hr. not part of routine CBC
Term
Normal test result for hematocrit
Definition
Males 42-52
Females 36-48
Term
Hemoglobin values
Definition
M 14-17.4
F 12-16
Term
MCV values
Definition
84-96
Term
MCH Values
Definition
28-34
Term
MCHC
Definition
32-36
Term
Platelets
Definition
140-400
Term
Reason for Decrease in WBC
Definition
Viral Infection, Leukemia, AIDS
Term
Cause for an increase in WBC
Definition
Infection and leukemia
Term
Cause for an increase in platelets
Definition
Tumors, polycythemia vera
Term
Cause for a decrease in platelets
Definition
Leukemia, AIDS, drugs/toxins
Term
Reasons for a false increase
Definition
Dehydration...not enough fluid so it looks like you have more of whatever it is you are checking for. Also muscle increase, upright position
Term
Reason for a false decrease
Definition
Volume overload. supine position
Term
2 different types of anemia
Definition
Impaired production Pathway
Hemoglobin structural problem pathway
Term
Impaired production anemia
Definition
Megaloblastic anemia or Pernicious anemia--a folate and or vit B12 deficiency results in this anemia
Term
Hemoglobin structural Problem Pathway
Definition
Sickle cell disease, a genetic disorder that is common in certain populations
Term
Anemia based on cell size
Definition
normocytic
macrocytic
microcytic
Term
Normocytic
Definition
Cells are normal size and shape, DNA and Hgb are normal. Everything functions great...there is just not enough of them!!!
Term
Macrocytic
Definition
Cells are larger than normal...problem with DNA. Most likely liver disease and megaloblastic anemia.
Term
Microcytic
Definition
Cells are smaller than normal.
Get iron deficiency anemia, also Thalassemia can be causes
Term
Normochromic
Definition
Normal Hgb concentration
Term
Hypochromic
Definition
Less than normal Hgb Conc
Term
Hyperchromic
Definition
More than normal Hgb concentration
Term
Polycythemia
Definition
An increase in the number of RBCs, manifested by an elevated H/H. 2 types. primary and 2ndary
Term
Primary polycethemia
Definition
Most common cause is polycythemia vera, a tumor like condition of the bone marrow (production is out of control). Idiopathic
Term
Secondary Polycythemia
Definition
Occurs due to some type of condition that stimulates the bone marrow to produce excessive amounts of normal RBSs. Hypoxia is an underlying characteristic of this disorder.
Term
Panic Finding for WBC
Definition
<500 or >30,000
Term
Panic for Hgb
Definition
<5 or <20
Term
Panic for Hct
Definition
<20% (heart failure) or >60% (spontaneous clotting)
Term
Panic findings for Platelets
Definition
<20,000 or <1,000,000
Term
Thrombocytopenia
Definition
Too few platelets. Platelet count below 50K. Risk of bleeding out.
Term
Thrombocytosis
Definition
Too many platelets. Risk for thrombosis if count exceeds 1,000,000
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