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Classification
of organisms in all kingdoms, with other details.
49
Biology
Not Applicable
05/30/2009

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Term
Kingdom Eubacteria
Definition
Common bacteria; cell walls with peptidoglycan
Term
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Definition
Bacteria that survive in extreme conditions; cell walls without carbohydrate peptidoglycan
Term
Phylum Cyanobacteria
Definition
Blue-green algae (can carry out photosynthesis); Kingdom Eubacteria
Term
Phylum Prochlorobacteria
Definition
Similar to chloroplasts; Kingdom Eubacteria
Term
The 3 shapes of prokaryotes
Definition
Bacilli- rod (bacterium); Cocci- Spheres; Spirilla- Spirals
Term
The 2 colony shapes
Definition
Streptococcus- chains; Staphylococcus- clumps
Term
Gram staining- which organisms it is used for, purpose, colors and meaning]
Definition
Used to determine which type of cell wall is present in Eubacteria; cells with one thick wall turn up as purple, or "Gram positive", while cells with two thin cell walls appear as red, or "Gram negative"
Term
Chemoheterotrophs
Definition
Must take in organic molecules for both energy and as a carbon supply
Term
Photoheterotrophs
Definition
Photosynthetic, but must take in organic compounds as a carbon source
Term
Photoheterotrophs
Definition
Photosynthetic, but must take in organic compounds as a carbon source
Term
Chemoautotrophs
Definition
Use energy from chemical reactions to make organic molecules
Term
Saprophytes
Definition
Absorb energy from the environment
Term
Obligate aerobics
Definition
Require O2
Term
Obligate anaerobics
Definition
Require anaerobic conditions; Hurt by O2
Term
Facultative anaerobics
Definition
Can function with or without O2
Term
Binary fission
Definition
Asexual reproduction; bacteria replicates its DNA and divides in half
Term
Conjugation
Definition
A copy of part of the genetic material of a donor is transferred to a recipient by a PROTEIN BRIDGE; increases genetic diversity in populations
Term
Endospore formation
Definition
A thick wall encloses the DNA; bacteria can remain dormant for years, allowing it to survive harsh conditions
Term
The importance of bacteria (6)
Definition
To decompose, convert nitrogen into usable forms for plants (nitrogen fixation), make foods, produce vitamins for human digestion, digest oil spills, and make drugs and hormones
Term
How diseases are produced by bacteria
Definition
Bacteria can produce disease by damaging cells and tissues in the breaking down of cells for food, or releasing toxins that interfere with the host's normal activity
Term
Vaccine
Definition
A preparation of dead/weakened pathogens to stimulate immunity perparation
Term
Antibiotics
Definition
Compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria
Term
Methods of bacterial control
Definition
Sterilization, Disinfectants, Food processing
Term
Viroids
Definition
Single-stranded RNA molecules that have no surrounding capsids
Term
Prions
Definition
Proteins that cause disease by forming protein clumps
Term
Capsid
Definition
The protein coat surrounding the DNA/RNA of a virus
Term
Bacteriophages
Definition
Viruses that infect bacteria
Term
Lytic infection
Definition
I'm lazy. If you don't know what this is, look it up. (Lytic infection)
Term
Lysogenic infection
Definition
I'm lazy. If you don't know what this is, look it up. (Lysogenic infection)
Term
Retrovirus
Definition
The virus inserts RNA (not DNA)
Term
Fungi (pro/eu-karyotic; uni/multi-cellular except what)
Definition
Heterotrophic eukaryotes; all multicellular, except for yeast
Term
Hyphae
Definition
thin filamints one cell thick that form a fungus (there may be multiple nuclei per hypha)
Term
Mycelium
Definition
A mass of hyphae
Term
Fungi cell walls are comprised of:
Definition
Chitin
Term
Zygomycetes
Definition
COMMON MOLDS: Their hyphae lack cross walls; Rhizoids are the root-like hyphae, Stolons are the stem-like hyphae, and the Zygospore is the resting spore that contains zygotes during the sexual phase
Term
Ascomycota
Definition
SAC FUNGI: Hyphae contain cell walls; asexual and sexual reproduction; Spores form in a sac (ascus) that develops within the fruiting body (e.g. yeast, morels, truffels)
Term
Basidiomycota
Definition
CLUB FUNGI: Hyphae contain cross walls; Basidium is the spore-bearing structure (e.g. mushrooms and toadstools)
Term
Deuteromycota
Definition
IMPERFECT FUNGI: No observed sexual reproduction (e.g. penicillium, athlete's foot)
Term
Sexual Fungus reproduction
Definition
Plus and minus forms meet to form a gametangium (a structure that produces gametes)
Term
Asexual Fungus reproduction (2 ways)
Definition
Formation of spores or fragmentation of hyphae
Term
Lichen
Definition
The fungues provides algae or bacteria with water and minerals and protects it from intense sunlight, while the algae or bacteria carry out photosynthesis and provide the fungus with a source of energy
Term
Mycorrhizae
Definition
(Plant roots and fungi) The fungi aid plants in absorbing water and minerals and release enzymes that free nutrients in the soil, while the plants provide the fungi with the products of photosynthesis
Term
Describe protistas in general, and name the three types
Definition
Eukaryotic organisms not belonging to any other kingdom; they can be animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like
Term
Ciliophora
Definition
Animal-like, has cilia, reproduce by binary fission, (e.g. Paramecium)
Term
Paramecium (5)
Definition
Cilia, Gullet, Macro and Micro-nuclei, Contractile vacuole, and they participate in Conjugation
Term
Zoomastigia
Definition
Animal-like, have flagella, reproduce asexually, can (but rarely) produce gametes (e.g. Giardia, Trichomonas)
Term
Sporozoa
Definition
Produces spores and is parasitic
Term
SKIP TO ANIMAL
Definition
COME BACK LATER
Term
Porifera
Definition
Animals, aquatic, lack true tissues and organs
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